Those copies can be quite inneficient and it looks useless: https://github.com/Mayitzin/ahrs/blob/761ff0eff022d9b3a0c7e7eb58d0d038c5606355/ahrs/filters/ekf.py#L1107-L1108 Same for magnetometer here: https://github.com/Mayitzin/ahrs/blob/761ff0eff022d9b3a0c7e7eb58d0d038c5606355/ahrs/filters/ekf.py#L1117