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articles/search/search-how-to-load-search-index.md

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@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ This article explains how to import documents into a predefined search index. In
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A search service accepts JSON documents that conform to the index schema. A search service can import and index plain text content and vector content in JSON documents.
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+ Plain text content is retrieved from fields in the external data source, from metadata properties, or from enriched content that's generated by a [skillset](cognitive-search-working-with-skillsets.md) (skills can extract or infer textual descriptions from images and unstructured content).
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+ Plain text content is retrieved from fields in the external data source, from metadata properties, or from enriched content that's generated by a [skillset](cognitive-search-working-with-skillsets.md). Skills can extract or infer textual descriptions from images and unstructured content.
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+ Vector content is retrieved from a data source that provides it, or it's created by a skillset that implements [integrated vectorization](vector-search-integrated-vectorization.md) in an Azure AI Search indexer workload.
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You can prepare these documents yourself, but if content resides in a [supported data source](search-indexer-overview.md#supported-data-sources), running an [indexer](search-indexer-overview.md) or using an Import wizard can automate document retrieval, JSON serialization, and indexing.
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Once data is indexed, the physical data structures of the index are locked in. For guidance on what can and can't be changed, see [Update and rebuild an index](search-howto-reindex.md).
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Indexing isn't a background process. A search service will balance indexing and query workloads, but if [query latency is too high](search-performance-analysis.md#impact-of-indexing-on-queries), you can either [add capacity](search-capacity-planning.md#add-or-remove-partitions-and-replicas) or identify periods of low query activity for loading an index.
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Indexing isn't a background process. A search service balances indexing and query workloads, but if [query latency is too high](search-performance-analysis.md#impact-of-indexing-on-queries), you can either [add capacity](search-capacity-planning.md#add-or-remove-partitions-and-replicas) or identify periods of low query activity for loading an index.
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For more information, see [Data import strategies](search-what-is-data-import.md).
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REST APIs are useful for initial proof-of-concept testing, where you can test indexing workflows without having to write much code. The `@search.action` parameter determines whether documents are added in full, or partially in terms of new or replacement values for specific fields.
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[**Quickstart: Full-text search using REST**](search-get-started-text.md) explains the steps. The following example is a modified version of the example. It's been trimmed for brevity and the first HotelId value has been altered to avoid overwriting an existing document.
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[**Quickstart: Full-text search using REST**](search-get-started-text.md) explains the steps. The following example is a modified version of the example. The value is trimmed for brevity and the first HotelId value is altered to avoid overwriting an existing document.
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1. Formulate a POST call specifying the index name, the "docs/index" endpoint, and a request body that includes the `@search.action` parameter.
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| Action | Effect |
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|--------|--------|
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| upload | Similar to an "upsert" where the document is inserted if it's new, and updated or replaced if it exists. If the document is missing values that the index requires, the document field's value is set to null. |
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| merge | Updates a document that already exists, and fails a document that can't be found. Merge replaces existing values. For this reason, be sure to check for collection fields that contain multiple values, such as fields of type `Collection(Edm.String)`. For example, if a `tags` field starts with a value of `["budget"]` and you execute a merge with `["economy", "pool"]`, the final value of the `tags` field is `["economy", "pool"]`. It won't be `["budget", "economy", "pool"]`. |
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| merge | Updates a document that already exists, and fails a document that can't be found. Merge replaces existing values. For this reason, be sure to check for collection fields that contain multiple values, such as fields of type `Collection(Edm.String)`. For example, if a `tags` field starts with a value of `["budget"]` and you execute a merge with `["economy", "pool"]`, the final value of the `tags` field is `["economy", "pool"]`. It isn't `["budget", "economy", "pool"]`. |
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| mergeOrUpload | Behaves like merge if the document exists, and upload if the document is new. This is the most common action for incremental updates. |
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| delete | Delete removes the specified document from the index. Any field you specify in a delete operation, other than the key field, will be ignored. If you want to remove an individual field from a document, use merge instead and set the field explicitly to null.|
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| delete | Delete removes the specified document from the index. Any field you specify in a delete operation, other than the key field, is ignored. If you want to remove an individual field from a document, use merge instead and set the field explicitly to null.|
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There are no ordering guarantees for which action in the request body is executed first. It's not recommended to have multiple "merge" actions associated with the same document in a single request body. If there are multiple "merge" actions required for the same document, perform the merging client-side before updating the document in the search index.
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In primitive collections, if the document contains a Tags field of type Collection(Edm.String) with a value of ["budget"], and you execute a merge with a value of ["economy", "pool"] for Tag, the final value of the Tags field will be ["economy", "pool"]. It will not be ["budget", "economy", "pool"].
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In primitive collections, if the document contains a Tags field of type `Collection(Edm.String)` with a value of ["budget"], and you execute a merge with a value of ["economy", "pool"] for Tag, the final value of the Tags field will be ["economy", "pool"]. It isn't ["budget", "economy", "pool"].
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In complex collections, if the document contains a complex collection field named Rooms with a value of [{ "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 75.0 }], and you execute a merge with a value of [{ "Type": "Standard Room" }, { "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 60.5 }], the final value of the Rooms field will be [{ "Type": "Standard Room" }, { "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 60.5 }]. It will not be either of the following:
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In complex collections, if the document contains a complex collection field named Rooms with a value of [{ "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 75.0 }], and you execute a merge with a value of [{ "Type": "Standard Room" }, { "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 60.5 }], the final value of the Rooms field will be [{ "Type": "Standard Room" }, { "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 60.5 }]. It won't be either of the following:
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+ [{ "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 75.0 }, { "Type": "Standard Room" }, { "Type": "Budget Room", "BaseRate": 60.5 }] (append elements)
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1. Send the request.
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The following table explains the various per-document [status codes](http-status-codes.md) that can be returned in the response. Some status codes indicate problems with the request itself, while others indicate temporary error conditions. The latter you should retry after a delay.
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The following table explains the various per-document [status codes](/rest/api/searchservice/http-status-codes) that can be returned in the response. Some status codes indicate problems with the request itself, while others indicate temporary error conditions. The latter you should retry after a delay.
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|Status code|Meaning|Retryable|Notes|
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|-----------|-------|---------|-----|
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GET https://[service name].search.windows.net/indexes/hotel-sample-index/docs/1111?api-version=2025-09-01
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```
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When the document key or ID is new, **null** becomes the value for any field that is unspecified in the document. For actions on an existing document, updated values replace the previous values. Any fields that weren't specified in a "merge" or "mergeUpload" are left intact in the search index.
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When the document key or ID is new, **null** becomes the value for any field that's unspecified in the document. For actions on an existing document, updated values replace the previous values. Any fields that weren't specified in a "merge" or "mergeUpload" are left intact in the search index.
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## Use the Azure SDKs
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