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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/azure-signalr/concept-upstream.md
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---
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title: Upstream endpoints in Azure SignalR Service
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description: Introduction to upstream endpoints settings and upstream message protocols.
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description: Introduction to upstream endpoints settings and upstream message protocols.
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author: vicancy
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ms.service: signalr
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ms.topic: conceptual
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ms.date: 12/09/2022
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ms.author: lianwei
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---
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# Upstream endpoints (preview)
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# Upstream endpoints
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The upstream endpoints feature allows Azure SignalR Service to send messages and connection events to a set of endpoints in serverless mode. You can use upstream endpoints to invoke a hub method from clients in serverless mode to notify endpoints when client connections are connected or disconnected.
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* A URL template, which specifies where messages send to.
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* A set of rules.
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* Authentication configurations.
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* Authentication configurations.
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When an event is fired, an item's rules are checked one by one in order. Messages will be sent to the first matching item's upstream endpoint URL.
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|Predefined parameter|Description|
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|---------|---------|
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|{hub}| A hub is a concept of Azure SignalR Service. A hub is a unit of isolation. The scope of users and message delivery is constrained to a hub.|
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|{category}| A category can be one of the following values: <ul><li>**connections**: Connection lifetime events. It's fired when a client connection is connected or disconnected. It includes connected and disconnected events.</li><li>**messages**: Fired when clients invoke a hub method. It includes all other events, except those in the **connections** category.</li></ul>|
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|{category}| A category can be one of the following values: <ul><li>**connections**: Connection lifetime events. It's fired when a client connection is connected or disconnected. It includes connected and disconnected events.</li><li>**messages**: Fired when clients invoke a hub method. It includes all other events, except events in the **connections** category.</li></ul>|
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|{event}| For the **messages** category, an event is the target in an [invocation message](https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/blob/master/src/SignalR/docs/specs/HubProtocol.md#invocation-message-encoding) that clients send. For the **connections** category, only *connected* and *disconnected* are used.|
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These predefined parameters can be used in the URL pattern. Parameters will be replaced with a specified value when you're evaluating the upstream endpoint URL. For example:
### Key Vault secret reference in URL template settings
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The upstream endpoint URL is not encrypted. You can secure sensitive upstream endpoints using Key Vault and access them with a managed identity.
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The upstream endpoint URL isn't encrypted. You can secure sensitive upstream endpoints using Key Vault and access them with a managed identity.
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To enable managed identity in your SignalR service instance and grant it Key Vault access:
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1. Add a system-assigned identity or user-assigned identity. See [How to add managed identity in Azure Portal](./howto-use-managed-identity.md#add-a-system-assigned-identity)
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1. Add a system-assigned identity or user-assigned identity. See [How to add managed identity in Azure portal](./howto-use-managed-identity.md#add-a-system-assigned-identity)
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2. Grant secret read permission for the managed identity in the Access policies in the Key Vault. See [Assign a Key Vault access policy using the Azure portal](../key-vault/general/assign-access-policy-portal.md)
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- `None`
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- `ManagedIdentity`
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When you select `ManagedIdentity`, you must enable a managed identity in Azure SignalR Service in advance and optionally specify a resource. See [Managed identities for Azure SignalR Service](howto-use-managed-identity.md) for details.
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When you select `ManagedIdentity`, you must first enable a managed identity in Azure SignalR Service and optionally, specify a resource. See [Managed identities for Azure SignalR Service](howto-use-managed-identity.md) for details.
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## Configure upstream endpoint settings via the Azure portal
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