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articles/mysql/flexible-server/concepts-data-in-replication.md

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[!INCLUDE[applies-to-mysql-flexible-server](../includes/applies-to-mysql-flexible-server.md)]
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Data-in replication allows you to synchronize data from an external MySQL server into the Azure Database for MySQL Flexible service. The external server can be on-premises, in virtual machines, Azure Database for MySQL Single Server, or a database service hosted by other cloud providers. Data-in replication is based on the binary log (binlog) file position-based. To learn more about binlog replication, see the [MySQL binlog replication overview](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binlog-replication-configuration-overview.html).
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Data-in replication allows you to synchronize data from an external MySQL server into an Azure Database for MySQL flexilbe server. The external server can be on-premises, in virtual machines, Azure Database for MySQL single server, or a database service hosted by other cloud providers. Data-in replication is based on the binary log (binlog) file position-based. To learn more about binlog replication, see the [MySQL binlog replication overview](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binlog-replication-configuration-overview.html).
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> [!NOTE]
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> GTID-based replication is currently not supported for Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Servers.<br>
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### Filter
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Parameter `replicate_wild_ignore_table` is used to create replication filter for tables on the replica server. To modify this parameter from Azure portal, navigate to Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server used as replica and select "Server Parameters" to view/edit the `replicate_wild_ignore_table` parameter.
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Parameter `replicate_wild_ignore_table` is used to create replication filter for tables on the replica server. To modify this parameter from Azure portal, navigate to Azure Database for MySQL flexible server used as replica and select "Server Parameters" to view/edit the `replicate_wild_ignore_table` parameter.
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### Requirements
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- Our recommendation is to have a primary key in each table. If we have a table without primary key, you might face slowness in replication.
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- The source server should use the MySQL InnoDB engine.
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- User must have the right permissions to configure binary logging and create new users on the source server.
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- Binary log files on the source server shouldn't be purged before the replica applies those changes. If the source is Azure Database for MySQL refer how to configure binlog_expire_logs_seconds for [Flexible server](./concepts-server-parameters.md#binlog_expire_logs_seconds) or [Single server](../concepts-server-parameters.md#binlog_expire_logs_seconds)
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- Binary log files on the source server shouldn't be purged before the replica applies those changes. If the source is Azure Database for MySQL refer how to configure binlog_expire_logs_seconds for [flexible server](./concepts-server-parameters.md#binlog_expire_logs_seconds) or [Single server](../concepts-server-parameters.md#binlog_expire_logs_seconds)
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- If the source server has SSL enabled, ensure the SSL CA certificate provided for the domain has been included in the `mysql.az_replication_change_master` stored procedure. Refer to the following [examples](./how-to-data-in-replication.md#link-source-and-replica-servers-to-start-data-in-replication) and the `master_ssl_ca` parameter.
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- Ensure that the machine hosting the source server allows both inbound and outbound traffic on port 3306.
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- Ensure that the source server has a **public IP address**, that DNS is publicly accessible, or that the source server has a fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

articles/mysql/flexible-server/concepts-data-out-replication.md

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[!INCLUDE[applies-to-mysql-flexible-server](../includes/applies-to-mysql-flexible-server.md)]
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Data-out replication allows you to synchronize data out of Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server to another MySQL server using MySQL native replication. The MySQL server (replica) can be on-premises, in virtual machines, or a database service hosted by other cloud providers. While [Data-in replication](concepts-data-in-replication.md) helps to move data into Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server (replica), Data-out replication would allow you to transfer data out of Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server (Primary). With Data-out replication, the binary log (binlog) is made community consumable allowing the Azure Database for MySQL- Flexible server to act as a Primary server for the external replicas. To learn more about binlog replication, see the [MySQL binlog replication overview](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binlog-replication-configuration-overview.html).
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Data-out replication allows you to synchronize data out of a Azure Database for MySQL flexible server to another MySQL server using MySQL native replication. The MySQL server (replica) can be on-premises, in virtual machines, or a database service hosted by other cloud providers. While [Data-in replication](concepts-data-in-replication.md) helps to move data into an Azure Database for MySQL flexible server (replica), Data-out replication would allow you to transfer data out of an Azure Database for MySQL flexible server (Primary). With Data-out replication, the binary log (binlog) is made community consumable allowing the an Azure Database for MySQL flexible server to act as a Primary server for the external replicas. To learn more about binlog replication, see the [MySQL binlog replication overview](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binlog-replication-configuration-overview.html).
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> [!NOTE]
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> Data-out replication is not supported on Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server, which has Azure authentication configured.
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You must use the replication filter to filter out Azure custom tables on the replica server. This can be achieved by setting Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table = "mysql.\_\_%" to filter the Azure MySQL internal tables on the replica. To modify this parameter from the Azure portal, navigate to Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server and select "Server parameters" to view/edit the Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table parameter.
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Refer to the following general guidance on the replication filter in MySQL Manual:
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Refer to the following general guidance on the replication filter in MySQL manual:
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- MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual - [13.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/change-replication-filter.html)
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- MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual - [16.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-options-replica.html#option_mysqld_replicate-wild-ignore-table)
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- MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual - [17.2.5.4 Replication Channel Based Filters](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/replication-rules-channel-based-filters.html)
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## Next steps
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- How to configure [Data-out replication](how-to-data-out-replication.md)

articles/mysql/flexible-server/concepts-high-availability.md

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Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server allows configuring high availability with automatic failover. The high availability solution is designed to ensure that committed data is never lost because of failures and that the database won't be a single point of failure in your software architecture. When high availability is configured, flexible server automatically provisions and manages a standby replica. You're billed for the provisioned compute and storage for both the primary and secondary replica. There are two high availability architectural models:
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* **Zone-redundant HA**. This option is preferred for complete isolation and redundancy of infrastructure across multiple availability zones. It provides the highest level of availability, but it requires you to configure application redundancy across zones. Zone-redundant HA is preferred when you want to achieve the highest level of availability against any infrastructure failure in the availability zone and when latency across the availability zone is acceptable. It can be enabled only when the server is created. Zone-redundant HA is available in a [subset of Azure regions](./overview.md#azure-regions) where the region supports multiple [availability zones](../../availability-zones/az-overview.md) and [zone-redundant Premium file shares](../..//storage/common/storage-redundancy.md#zone-redundant-storage) are available.
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- **Zone-redundant HA**. This option is preferred for complete isolation and redundancy of infrastructure across multiple availability zones. It provides the highest level of availability, but it requires you to configure application redundancy across zones. Zone-redundant HA is preferred when you want to achieve the highest level of availability against any infrastructure failure in the availability zone and when latency across the availability zone is acceptable. It can be enabled only when the server is created. Zone-redundant HA is available in a [subset of Azure regions](./overview.md#azure-regions) where the region supports multiple [availability zones](../../availability-zones/az-overview.md) and [zone-redundant Premium file shares](../..//storage/common/storage-redundancy.md#zone-redundant-storage) are available.
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* **Same-zone HA**. This option is preferred for infrastructure redundancy with lower network latency because the primary and standby servers will be in the same availability zone. It provides high availability without the need to configure application redundancy across zones. Same-zone HA is preferred when you want to achieve the highest level of availability within a single availability zone with the lowest network latency. Same-zone HA is available in all [Azure regions](./overview.md#azure-regions) where you can use Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server.
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- **Same-zone HA**. This option is preferred for infrastructure redundancy with lower network latency because the primary and standby servers will be in the same availability zone. It provides high availability without the need to configure application redundancy across zones. Same-zone HA is preferred when you want to achieve the highest level of availability within a single availability zone with the lowest network latency. Same-zone HA is available in all [Azure regions](./overview.md#azure-regions) where you can use Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server.
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## Zone-redundant HA architecture
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When you deploy a server with zone-redundant HA, two servers will be created:
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- A primary server in one availability zone
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- A standby replica server that has the same configuration as the primary server (compute tier, compute size, storage size, and network configuration) in another availability zone of the same Azure region
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- A primary server in one availability zone.
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- A standby replica server that has the same configuration as the primary server (compute tier, compute size, storage size, and network configuration) in another availability zone of the same Azure region.
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You can choose the availability zone for the primary and the standby replica. Placing the standby database servers and standby applications in the same zone reduces latency. It also allows you to better prepare for disaster recovery situations and "zone down" scenarios.
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Automatic backups, both snapshots and log backups, are performed on locally redundant storage from the primary database server.
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>[!Note]
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>For both zone-redundant and same-zone HA:
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>* If there's a failure, the time needed for the standby replica to take over the role of primary depends on the binary log application on the standby. So we recommend that you use primary keys on all tables to reduce failover time. Failover times are typically between 60 and 120 seconds.
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>* The standby server isn't available for read or write operations. It's a passive standby to enable fast failover.
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>* Always use a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) to connect to your primary server. Avoid using an IP address to connect. If there's a failover, after the primary and standby server roles are switched, a DNS A record might change. That change would prevent the application from connecting to the new primary server if an IP address is used in the connection string.
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> [!NOTE]
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> For both zone-redundant and same-zone HA:
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> - If there's a failure, the time needed for the standby replica to take over the role of primary depends on the binary log application on the standby. So we recommend that you use primary keys on all tables to reduce failover time. Failover times are typically between 60 and 120 seconds.
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> - The standby server isn't available for read or write operations. It's a passive standby to enable fast failover.
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> - Always use a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) to connect to your primary server. Avoid using an IP address to connect. If there's a failover, after the primary and standby server roles are switched, a DNS A record might change. That change would prevent the application from connecting to the new primary server if an IP address is used in the connection string.
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## Failover process
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The overall failover time depends on the current workload and the last checkpoint. In general, it's expected to take between 60 and 120 seconds.
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>[!Note]
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> [!NOTE]
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>Azure Resource Health event is generated in the event of planned failover, representing the failover time during which server was unavailable. The triggered events can be seen when clicked on "Resource Health" in the left pane. User initiated/ Manual failover is represented by status as **"Unavailable"** and tagged as **"Planned"**. Example - "A failover operation was triggered by an authorized user (Planned)". If your resource remains in this state for an extended period of time, please open a [support ticket](https://azure.microsoft.com/support/create-ticket/) and we will assist you.
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The overall failover time is expected to be between 60 and 120 seconds. But, depending on the activity in the primary database server at the time of the failover (like large transactions and recovery time), the failover might take longer.
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>[!Note]
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>Azure Resource Health event is generated in the event of unplanned failover, representing the failover time during which server was unavailable. The triggered events can be seen when clicked on "Resource Health" in the left pane. Automatic failover is represented by status as **"Unavailable"** and tagged as **"Unplanned"**. Example - "Unavailable : A failover operation was triggered automatically (Unplanned)". If your resource remains in this state for an extended period of time, please open a [support ticket](https://azure.microsoft.com/support/create-ticket/) and we will assist you.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Azure Resource Health event is generated in the event of unplanned failover, representing the failover time during which server was unavailable. The triggered events can be seen when clicked on "Resource Health" in the left pane. Automatic failover is represented by status as **"Unavailable"** and tagged as **"Unplanned"**. Example - "Unavailable : A failover operation was triggered automatically (Unplanned)". If your resource remains in this state for an extended period of time, please open a [support ticket](https://azure.microsoft.com/support/create-ticket/) and we will assist you.
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#### How automatic failover detection works in HA enabled servers
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* The monitor pings to the nodes Management network Endpoint. If this check fails two times continuously, it triggers automatic failover operation. The scenario like node is unavailable/not responding because of OS issue, networking issue between management components and nodes etc. will be addressed by this health check.
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* The monitor also runs a simple query on the Instance. If the queries fail to run, automatic failover will be triggered. The scenarios like MySQL demon crashed/ stopped/hung, Backend storage issue etc., will be addressed by this health check.
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>If there are any networking issue between the application and the customer networking endpoint (Private/Public access), either in networking path , on the endpoint or DNS issues in client side, the health check does not monitor this scenario. If you are using private access, make sure that the NSG rules for the VNet does not block the communication to the instance customer networking endpoint on port 3306. For public access make sure that the firewall rules are set and network traffic is allowed on port 3306 (if network path has any other firewalls). The DNS resolution from the client application side also needs to be taken care of.
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> [!NOTE]
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> If there are any networking issue between the application and the customer networking endpoint (Private/Public access), either in networking path , on the endpoint or DNS issues in client side, the health check does not monitor this scenario. If you are using private access, make sure that the NSG rules for the VNet does not block the communication to the instance customer networking endpoint on port 3306. For public access make sure that the firewall rules are set and network traffic is allowed on port 3306 (if network path has any other firewalls). The DNS resolution from the client application side also needs to be taken care of.
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## Monitoring for high availability
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The health of your HA is continuously monitored and reported on the overview page. Here are the replication statuses:
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## Limitations
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Here are some considerations to keep in mind when you use high availability:
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* Zone-redundant high availability can be set only when the flexible server is created.
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* High availability isn't supported in the burstable compute tier.
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* Restarting the primary database server to pick up static parameter changes also restarts the standby replica.
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* Data-in Replication isn't supported for HA servers.
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* GTID mode will be turned on as the HA solution uses GTID. Check whether your workload has [restrictions or limitations on replication with GTIDs](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids-restrictions.html).
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- Zone-redundant high availability can be set only when the flexible server is created.
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- High availability isn't supported in the burstable compute tier.
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- Restarting the primary database server to pick up static parameter changes also restarts the standby replica.
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- Data-in Replication isn't supported for HA servers.
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- GTID mode will be turned on as the HA solution uses GTID. Check whether your workload has [restrictions or limitations on replication with GTIDs](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids-restrictions.html).
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>[!Note]
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>If you are enabling same-zone HA post the server create, you need to make sure the server parameters enforce_gtid_consistency” and [“gtid_mode”](./concepts-read-replicas.md#global-transaction-identifier-gtid) is set to ON before enabling HA.
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