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This article describes the Storage Event Triggers that you can create in your Data Factory or Synapse pipelines.
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Event-driven architecture (EDA) is a common data integration pattern that involves production, detection, consumption, and reaction to events. Data integration scenarios often require customers to trigger pipelines based on events happening in storage account, such as the arrival or deletion of a file in Azure Blob Storage account. Data Factory and Synapse pipelines natively integrate with [Azure Event Grid](https://azure.microsoft.com/services/event-grid/), which lets you trigger pipelines on such events.
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Event-driven architecture (EDA) is a common data integration pattern that involves production, detection, consumption, and reaction to events. Data integration scenarios often require customers to trigger pipelines that are triggered from events on a storage account, such as the arrival or deletion of a file in Azure Blob Storage account. Data Factory and Synapse pipelines natively integrate with [Azure Event Grid](https://azure.microsoft.com/services/event-grid/), which lets you trigger pipelines on such events.
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> [!NOTE]
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> The integration described in this article depends on [Azure Event Grid](https://azure.microsoft.com/services/event-grid/). Make sure that your subscription is registered with the Event Grid resource provider. For more info, see [Resource providers and types](../azure-resource-manager/management/resource-providers-and-types.md#azure-portal). You must be able to do the *Microsoft.EventGrid/eventSubscriptions/** action. This action is part of the EventGrid EventSubscription Contributor built-in role.
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## Storage event trigger considerations
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> If you are using this feature in Azure Synapse Analytics, please ensure that your subscription is also registered with Data Factory resource provider, or otherwise you will get an error stating that _the creation of an "Event Subscription" failed_.
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There are several things to consider when using storage event triggers:
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> [!NOTE]
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> If the blob storage account resides behind a [private endpoint](../storage/common/storage-private-endpoints.md) and blocks public network access, you need to configure network rules to allow communications from blob storage to Azure Event Grid. You can either grant storage access to trusted Azure services, such as Event Grid, following [Storage documentation](../storage/common/storage-network-security.md#grant-access-to-trusted-azure-services), or configure private endpoints for Event Grid that map to VNet address space, following [Event Grid documentation](../event-grid/configure-private-endpoints.md)
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- The integration described in this article depends on [Azure Event Grid](https://azure.microsoft.com/services/event-grid/). Make sure that your subscription is registered with the Event Grid resource provider. For more info, see [Resource providers and types](../azure-resource-manager/management/resource-providers-and-types.md#azure-portal). You must be able to do the *Microsoft.EventGrid/eventSubscriptions/** action. This action is part of the EventGrid EventSubscription Contributor built-in role.
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- If you're using this feature in Azure Synapse Analytics, ensure that you also register your subscription with the Data Factory resource provider. Otherwise you get an error stating that _the creation of an "Event Subscription" failed_.
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- If the blob storage account resides behind a [private endpoint](../storage/common/storage-private-endpoints.md) and blocks public network access, you need to configure network rules to allow communications from blob storage to Azure Event Grid. You can either grant storage access to trusted Azure services, such as Event Grid, following [Storage documentation](../storage/common/storage-network-security.md#grant-access-to-trusted-azure-services), or configure private endpoints for Event Grid that map to VNet address space, following [Event Grid documentation](../event-grid/configure-private-endpoints.md)
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- The Storage Event Trigger currently supports only Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 and General-purpose version 2 storage accounts. If you're working with SFTP Storage Events you need to specify the SFTP Data API under the filtering section too. Due to an Azure Event Grid limitation, Azure Data Factory only supports a maximum of 500 storage event triggers per storage account.
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- To create a new or modify an existing Storage Event Trigger, the Azure account used to log into the service and publish the storage event trigger must have appropriate role based access control (Azure RBAC) permission on the storage account. No other permissions are required: Service Principal for the Azure Data Factory and Azure Synapse does _not_ need special permission to either the Storage account or Event Grid. For more information about access control, see [Role based access control](#role-based-access-control) section.
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- If you applied an ARM lock to your Storage Account, it might impact the blob trigger's ability to create or delete blobs. A **ReadOnly** lock prevents both creation and deletion, while a **DoNotDelete** lock prevents deletion. Ensure you account for these restrictions to avoid any issues with your triggers.
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- File arrival triggers are not recommended as a triggering mechanism from data flow sinks. Data flows perform a number of file renaming and partition file shuffling tasks in the target folder that can inadvertently trigger a file arrival event before the complete processing of your data.
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## Create a trigger with UI
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# [Azure Synapse](#tab/synapse-analytics)
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:::image type="content" source="media/how-to-create-event-trigger/event-based-trigger-image-1-synapse.png" lightbox="media/how-to-create-event-trigger/event-based-trigger-image-1-synapse.png" alt-text="Screenshot of Author page to create a new storage event trigger in the Azure Synapse UI.":::
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5. Select your storage account from the Azure subscription dropdown or manually using its Storage account resource ID. Choose which container you wish the events to occur on. Container selection is required, but be mindful that selecting all containers can lead to a large number of events.
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> [!NOTE]
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> The Storage Event Trigger currently supports only Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 and General-purpose version 2 storage accounts. If you are working with SFTP Storage Events you need to specify the SFTP Data API under the filtering section too. Due to an Azure Event Grid limitation, Azure Data Factory only supports a maximum of 500 storage event triggers per storage account.
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> [!NOTE]
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> To create a new or modify an existing Storage Event Trigger, the Azure account used to log into the service and publish the storage event trigger must have appropriate role based access control (Azure RBAC) permission on the storage account. No additional permission is required: Service Principal for the Azure Data Factory and Azure Synapse does _not_ need special permission to either the Storage account or Event Grid. For more information about access control, see [Role based access control](#role-based-access-control) section.
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1. Select your storage account from the Azure subscription dropdown or manually using its Storage account resource ID. Choose which container you wish the events to occur on. Container selection is required, but be mindful that selecting all containers can lead to a large number of events.
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1. The **Blob path begins with** and **Blob path ends with** properties allow you to specify the containers, folders, and blob names for which you want to receive events. Your storage event trigger requires at least one of these properties to be defined. You can use variety of patterns for both **Blob path begins with** and **Blob path ends with** properties, as shown in the examples later in this article.
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***Blob path begins with:** The blob path must start with a folder path. Valid values include `2018/` and `2018/april/shoes.csv`. This field can't be selected if a container isn't selected.
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***Blob path ends with:** The blob path must end with a file name or extension. Valid values include `shoes.csv` and `.csv`. Container and folder names, when specified, they must be separated by a `/blobs/` segment. For example, a container named 'orders' can have a value of `/orders/blobs/2018/april/shoes.csv`. To specify a folder in any container, omit the leading '/' character. For example, `april/shoes.csv`will trigger an event on any file named `shoes.csv` in folder a called 'april' in any container.
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***Blob path ends with:** The blob path must end with a file name or extension. Valid values include `shoes.csv` and `.csv`. Container and folder names, when specified, they must be separated by a `/blobs/` segment. For example, a container named 'orders' can have a value of `/orders/blobs/2018/april/shoes.csv`. To specify a folder in any container, omit the leading '/' character. For example, `april/shoes.csv`triggers an event on any file named `shoes.csv` in folder a called 'april' in any container.
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* Note that Blob path **begins with** and **ends with** are the only pattern matching allowed in Storage Event Trigger. Other types of wildcard matching aren't supported for the trigger type.
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1. Select whether your trigger will respond to a **Blob created** event, **Blob deleted** event, or both. In your specified storage location, each event will trigger the Data Factory and Synapse pipelines associated with the trigger.
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1. Select whether your trigger responds to a **Blob created** event, **Blob deleted** event, or both. In your specified storage location, each event triggers the Data Factory and Synapse pipelines associated with the trigger.
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:::image type="content" source="media/how-to-create-event-trigger/event-based-trigger-image-2.png" alt-text="Screenshot of storage event trigger creation page.":::
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1. Select whether or not your trigger ignores blobs with zero bytes.
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1. After you configure your trigger, click on **Next: Data preview**. This screen shows the existing blobs matched by your storage event trigger configuration. Make sure you've specific filters. Configuring filters that are too broad can match a large number of files created/deleted and may significantly impact your cost. Once your filter conditions have been verified, click **Finish**.
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1. After you configure your trigger, click on **Next: Data preview**. This screen shows the existing blobs matched by your storage event trigger configuration. Make sure you have specific filters. Configuring filters that are too broad can match a large number of files created/deleted and may significantly impact your cost. Once your filter conditions are verified, click **Finish**.
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:::image type="content" source="media/how-to-create-event-trigger/event-based-trigger-image-3.png" alt-text="Screenshot of storage event trigger preview page.":::
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In the preceding example, the trigger is configured to fire when a blob path ending in .csv is created in the folder _event-testing_ in the container _sample-data_. The **folderPath** and **fileName** properties capture the location of the new blob. For example, when MoviesDB.csv is added to the path sample-data/event-testing, `@triggerBody().folderPath` has a value of `sample-data/event-testing` and `@triggerBody().fileName` has a value of `moviesDB.csv`. These values are mapped, in the example, to the pipeline parameters `sourceFolder` and `sourceFile`, which can be used throughout the pipeline as `@pipeline().parameters.sourceFolder` and `@pipeline().parameters.sourceFile` respectively.
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1. Click **Finish** once you are done.
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1. Click **Finish** once you're done.
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## JSON schema
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|**events**| The type of events that cause this trigger to fire. | Array | Microsoft.Storage.BlobCreated, Microsoft.Storage.BlobDeleted | Yes, any combination of these values. |
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|**blobPathBeginsWith**| The blob path must begin with the pattern provided for the trigger to fire. For example, `/records/blobs/december/` only fires the trigger for blobs in the `december` folder under the `records` container. | String || Provide a value for at least one of these properties: `blobPathBeginsWith` or `blobPathEndsWith`. |
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|**blobPathEndsWith**| The blob path must end with the pattern provided for the trigger to fire. For example, `december/boxes.csv` only fires the trigger for blobs named `boxes` in a `december` folder. | String || Provide a value for at least one of these properties: `blobPathBeginsWith` or `blobPathEndsWith`. |
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|**ignoreEmptyBlobs**| Whether or not zero-byte blobs will trigger a pipeline run. By default, this is set to true. | Boolean | true or false | No |
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|**ignoreEmptyBlobs**| Whether or not zero-byte blobs triggers a pipeline run. By default, this is set to true. | Boolean | true or false | No |
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## Examples of storage event triggers
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This section provides examples of storage event trigger settings.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> You have to include the `/blobs/` segment of the path, as shown in the following examples, whenever you specify container and folder, container and file, or container, folder, and file. For **blobPathBeginsWith**, the UI will automatically add `/blobs/` between the folder and container name in the trigger JSON.
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> [!NOTE]
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> File arrival triggers are not recommended as a triggering mechanism from data flow sinks. Data flows perform a number of file renaming and partition file shuffling tasks in the target folder that can inadvertenly trigger a file arrival event before the complete processing of your data.
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> You have to include the `/blobs/` segment of the path, as shown in the following examples, whenever you specify container and folder, container and file, or container, folder, and file. For **blobPathBeginsWith**, the UI automatically adds `/blobs/` between the folder and container name in the trigger JSON.
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| Property | Example | Description |
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|---|---|---|
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Azure Data Factory and Synapse pipelines use Azure role-based access control (Azure RBAC) to ensure that unauthorized access to listen to, subscribe to updates from, and trigger pipelines linked to blob events, are strictly prohibited.
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* To successfully create a new or update an existing Storage Event Trigger, the Azure account signed into the service needs to have appropriate access to the relevant storage account. Otherwise, the operation will fail with _Access Denied_.
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* To successfully create a new or update an existing Storage Event Trigger, the Azure account signed into the service needs to have appropriate access to the relevant storage account. Otherwise, the operation fails with _Access Denied_.
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* Azure Data Factory and Azure Synapse need no special permission to your Event Grid, and you do _not_ need to assign special RBAC permission to the Data Factory or Azure Synapse service principal for the operation.
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Any of following RBAC settings works for storage event trigger:
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Specifically,
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- When authoring in the data factory (in the development environment for instance), the Azure account signed in needs to have the above permission
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- When publishing through [CI/CD](continuous-integration-delivery.md), the account used to publish the ARM template into the testing or production factory needs to have the above permission.
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- When you author in the data factory (in the development environment for instance), the Azure account signed in needs to have the above permission
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- When you publish through [CI/CD](continuous-integration-delivery.md), the account used to publish the ARM template into the testing or production factory needs to have the above permission.
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In order to understand how the service delivers the two promises, let's take back a step and take a peek behind the scenes. Here are the high-level work flows for integration between Azure Data Factory/Azure Synapse, Storage, and Event Grid.
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### Create a new Storage Event Trigger
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This high-level work flow describes how Azure Data Factory interacts with Event Grid to create a Storage Event Trigger. For Azure Synapse the data flow is the same, with Synapse pipelines taking the role of the Data Factory in the diagram below.
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This high-level work flow describes how Azure Data Factory interacts with Event Grid to create a Storage Event Trigger. The data flow is the same in Azure Synapse, with Synapse pipelines taking the role of the Data Factory in the following diagram.
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:::image type="content" source="media/how-to-create-event-trigger/storage-event-trigger-5-create-subscription.png" alt-text="Workflow of storage event trigger creation.":::
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### Storage event trigger pipeline run
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This high-level work flows describe how Storage event triggers pipeline run through Event Grid. For Azure Synapse the data flow is the same, with Synapse pipelines taking the role of the Data Factory in the diagram below.
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This high-level work flow describes how storage event trigger pipelines run through Event Grid. For Azure Synapse the data flow is the same, with Synapse pipelines taking the role of the Data Factory in the diagram below.
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:::image type="content" source="media/how-to-create-event-trigger/storage-event-trigger-6-trigger-pipeline.png" alt-text="Workflow of storage event triggering pipeline runs.":::
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* Event Trigger serves as an active listener to the incoming message and it properly triggers the associated pipeline.
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* Storage Event Trigger itself makes no direct contact with Storage account
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* That said, if you have a Copy or other activity inside the pipeline to process the data in Storage account, the service will make direct contact with Storage, using the credentials stored in the Linked Service. Ensure that Linked Service is set up appropriately
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* However, if you make no reference to the Storage account in the pipeline, you do not need to grant permission to the service to access Storage account
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* That said, if you have a Copy or other activity inside the pipeline to process the data in Storage account, the service makes direct contact with Storage, using the credentials stored in the Linked Service. Ensure that Linked Service is set up appropriately
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* However, if you make no reference to the Storage account in the pipeline, you don't need to grant permission to the service to access Storage account
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