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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/analysis-services/analysis-services-overview.md
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### Scale out resources for fast query response
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With scale-out, client queries are distributed among multiple *query replicas* in a query pool. Query replicas have synchronized copies of your tabular models. By spreading the query workload, response times during high query workloads can be reduced. Model processing operations can be separated from the query pool, ensuring client queries are not adversely affected by processing operations.
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With scale-out, client queries are distributed among multiple *query replicas* in a query pool. Query replicas have synchronized copies of your tabular models. By spreading the query workload, you can reduce response times during high query workloads. Model processing operations can be separated from the query pool, ensuring client queries are not adversely affected by processing operations.
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You can create a query pool with up to seven additional query replicas (eight total, including your server). The number of query replicas you can have in your pool depend on your chosen plan and region. Query replicas cannot be spread outside your server's region. Query replicas are billed at the same rate as your server.
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### Data security
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Azure Analysis Services uses Azure Blob storage to persist storage and metadata for Analysis Services databases. Data files within Blob are encrypted using [Azure Blob Server Side Encryption (SSE)](../storage/common/storage-service-encryption.md). When using Direct Query mode, only metadata is stored. The actual data is accessed through encrypted protocol from the data source at query time.
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Azure Analysis Services uses Azure Blob storage to persist storage and metadata for Analysis Services databases. Data files within Blob are encrypted using [Azure Blob Server Side Encryption (SSE)](../storage/common/storage-service-encryption.md). When you use Direct Query mode, only metadata is stored. The actual data is accessed through encrypted protocol from the data source at query time.
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Secure access to data sources on-premises in your organization is achieved by installing and configuring an [On-premises data gateway](analysis-services-gateway.md). Gateways provide access to data for both DirectQuery and in-memory modes.
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### Row-level security
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Tabular models at all compatibility levels support row-level security. Row-level security is configured in the model by using DAX expressions that define the rows in a table, and any rows in the many direction of a related table that a user can query. Row filters using DAX expressions are defined for the Read and Read and Process permissions.
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Tabular models at all compatibility levels support row-level security. Row-level security is configured in the model by using DAX expressions that define the rows in a table, and any rows in the many directions of a related table that a user can query. Row filters using DAX expressions are defined for the **Read** and **Read and Process** permissions.
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### Object-level security
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### Open-source tools
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Analysis Services has a vibrant community of developers who create tools. [DAX Studio](https://daxstudio.org/), is a great open-source tool for DAX authoring, diagnosis, performance tuning, and analysis.
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Analysis Services has a vibrant community of developers who create tools. [DAX Studio](https://daxstudio.org/) is a great open-source tool for DAX authoring, diagnosis, performance tuning, and analysis.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/analysis-services/analysis-services-scale-out.md
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Regardless of the number of query replicas you have in a query pool, processing workloads aren't distributed among query replicas. The primary server serves as the processing server. Query replicas serve only queries against the model databases synchronized between the primary server and each replica in the query pool.
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When scaling out, it can take up to five minutes for new query replicas to be incrementally added to the query pool. When all new query replicas are up and running, new client connections are load balanced across resources in the query pool. Existing client connections aren't changed from the resource they are currently connected to. When scaling in, any existing client connections to a query pool resource that is being removed from the query pool are terminated. Clients can reconnect to a remaining query pool resource.
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When you scale out, it can take up to five minutes for new query replicas to be incrementally added to the query pool. When all new query replicas are up and running, new client connections are load balanced across resources in the query pool. Existing client connections aren't changed from the resource they are currently connected to. When you scale in, any existing client connections to a query pool resource that is being removed from the query pool are terminated. Clients can reconnect to a remaining query pool resource.
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## How it works
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When configuring scale-out the first time, model databases on your primary server are *automatically* synchronized with new replicas in a new query pool. Automatic synchronization occurs only once. During automatic synchronization, the primary server's data files (encrypted at rest in blob storage) are copied to a second location, also encrypted at rest in blob storage. Replicas in the query pool are then *hydrated* with data from the second set of files.
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When you configure scaleout the first time, model databases on your primary server are *automatically* synchronized with new replicas in a new query pool. Automatic synchronization occurs only once. During automatic synchronization, the primary server's data files (encrypted at rest in blob storage) are copied to a second location, also encrypted at rest in blob storage. Replicas in the query pool are then *hydrated* with data from the second set of files.
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While an automatic synchronization is performed only when you scale-out a server for the first time, you can also perform a manual synchronization. Synchronizing assures data on replicas in the query pool match that of the primary server. When processing (refresh) models on the primary server, a synchronization must be performed *after* processing operations are completed. This synchronization copies updated data from the primary server's files in blob storage to the second set of files. Replicas in the query pool are then hydrated with updated data from the second set of files in blob storage.
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While an automatic synchronization is performed only when you scaleout a server for the first time, you can also perform a manual synchronization. Synchronizing assures data on replicas in the query pool match that of the primary server. When processing (refresh) models on the primary server, a synchronization must be performed *after* processing operations are completed. This synchronization copies updated data from the primary server's files in blob storage to the second set of files. Replicas in the query pool are then hydrated with updated data from the second set of files in blob storage.
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When performing a subsequent scale-out operation, for example, increasing the number of replicas in the query pool from two to five, the new replicas are hydrated with data from the second set of files in blob storage. there's no synchronization. If you then perform a synchronization after scaling out, the new replicas in the query pool would be hydrated twice - a redundant hydration. When performing a subsequent scale-out operation, it's important to keep in mind:
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When you perform a subsequent scale-out operation, for example, increasing the number of replicas in the query pool from two to five, the new replicas are hydrated with data from the second set of files in blob storage. There's no synchronization. If you then perform a synchronization after scaling out, the new replicas in the query pool would be hydrated twice - a redundant hydration. When performing a subsequent scale-out operation, it's important to keep in mind:
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* Perform a synchronization *before the scale-out operation* to avoid redundant hydration of the added replicas. Concurrent synchronization and scale-out operations running at the same time aren't allowed.
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* Synchronization is allowed even when there are no replicas in the query pool. If you're scaling out from zero to one or more replicas with new data from a processing operation on the primary server, perform the synchronization first with no replicas in the query pool, and then scale-out. Synchronizing before scaling out avoids redundant hydration of the newly added replicas.
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* When deleting a model database from the primary server, it doesn't automatically get deleted from replicas in the query pool. You must perform a synchronization operation by using the [Sync-AzAnalysisServicesInstance](/powershell/module/az.analysisservices/sync-AzAnalysisServicesinstance) PowerShell command that removes the file/s for that database from the replica's shared blob storage location and then deletes the model database on the replicas in the query pool. To determine if a model database exists on replicas in the query pool but not on the primary server, ensure the **Separate the processing server from querying pool** setting is to **Yes**. Then use SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to connect to the primary server using the `:rw` qualifier to see if the database exists. Then connect to replicas in the query pool by connecting without the `:rw` qualifier to see if the same database also exists. If the database exists on replicas in the query pool but not on the primary server, run a sync operation.
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* When you delete a model database from the primary server, it doesn't automatically get deleted from replicas in the query pool. You must perform a synchronization operation by using the [Sync-AzAnalysisServicesInstance](/powershell/module/az.analysisservices/sync-AzAnalysisServicesinstance) PowerShell command that removes the file/s for that database from the replica's shared blob storage location and then deletes the model database on the replicas in the query pool. To determine if a model database exists on replicas in the query pool but not on the primary server, ensure the **Separate the processing server from querying pool** setting is to **Yes**. Then use SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to connect to the primary server using the `:rw` qualifier to see if the database exists. Then connect to replicas in the query pool by connecting without the `:rw` qualifier to see if the same database also exists. If the database exists on replicas in the query pool but not on the primary server, run a sync operation.
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* When renaming a database on the primary server, there's another step necessary to ensure the database is properly synchronized to any replicas. After renaming, perform a synchronization by using the [Sync-AzAnalysisServicesInstance](/powershell/module/az.analysisservices/sync-AzAnalysisServicesinstance) command specifying the `-Database` parameter with the old database name. This synchronization removes the database and files with the old name from any replicas. Then perform another synchronization specifying the `-Database` parameter with the new database name. The second synchronization copies the newly named database to the second set of files and hydrates any replicas. These synchronizations can't be performed by using the Synchronize model command in the portal.
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* When you rename a database on the primary server, there's another step necessary to ensure the database is properly synchronized to any replicas. After renaming, perform a synchronization by using the [Sync-AzAnalysisServicesInstance](/powershell/module/az.analysisservices/sync-AzAnalysisServicesinstance) command specifying the `-Database` parameter with the old database name. This synchronization removes the database and files with the old name from any replicas. Then perform another synchronization specifying the `-Database` parameter with the new database name. The second synchronization copies the newly named database to the second set of files and hydrates any replicas. These synchronizations can't be performed by using the Synchronize model command in the portal.
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### Synchronization mode
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### Separate processing from query pool
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For maximum performance for both processing and query operations, you can choose to separate your processing server from the query pool. When separated, new client connections are assigned to query replicas in the query pool only. If processing operations only take up a short amount of time, you can choose to separate your processing server from the query pool only for the amount of time it takes to perform processing and synchronization operations, and then include it back into the query pool. When separating the processing server from the query pool, or adding it back into the query pool can take up to five minutes for the operation to complete.
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For maximum performance for both processing and query operations, you can choose to separate your processing server from the query pool. When separated, new client connections are assigned to query replicas in the query pool only. If processing operations only take up a short amount of time, you can choose to separate your processing server from the query pool only for the amount of time it takes to perform processing and synchronization operations, and then include it back into the query pool. Separating the processing server from the query pool or adding it back into the query pool can take up to five minutes for the operation to complete.
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## Monitor QPU usage
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3. Click **Save** to provision your new query replica servers.
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When configuring scale-out for a server the first time, models on your primary server are automatically synchronized with replicas in the query pool. Automatic synchronization only occurs once, when you first configure scale-out to one or more replicas. Subsequent changes to the number of replicas on the same server *doesn't trigger another automatic synchronization*. Automatic synchronization doesn't occur again even if you set the server to zero replicas and then again scale out to any number of replicas.
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When you configure scale-out for a server the first time, models on your primary server are automatically synchronized with replicas in the query pool. Automatic synchronization only occurs once, when you first configure scale-out to one or more replicas. Subsequent changes to the number of replicas on the same server *doesn't trigger another automatic synchronization*. Automatic synchronization doesn't occur again even if you set the server to zero replicas and then again scale out to any number of replicas.
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