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Enrique Sanchez Vela
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Updates to the SUSE configuration
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‎articles/virtual-machines/linux/suse-create-upload-vhd.md

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@@ -28,13 +28,12 @@ This article assumes that you have already installed a SUSE or openSUSE Leap Lin
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* The VHDX format isn't supported in Azure, only **fixed VHD**. You can convert the disk to VHD format using Hyper-V Manager or the convert-vhd cmdlet.
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* Azure supports Gen1 (BIOS boot) and Gen2 (UEFI boot) virtual machines.
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* The `vfat` kernel module must be enabled in the kernel
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* When installing the Linux operating system, use standard partitions rather than logical volume manager (LVM) managed partitions, which is often the default for many installations. Using standard partitions will avoid LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) may be used on data disks if preferred.
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* Don't configure a swap partition on the OS disk. The Linux agent can be configured to create a swap file on the temporary resource disk. More information about configuring swap space can be found in the steps below.
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* All VHDs on Azure must have a virtual size aligned to 1 MB. When converting from a raw disk to VHD, you must ensure that the raw disk size is a multiple of 1 MB before conversion. See [Linux Installation Notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes) for more information.
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> [!NOTE]
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> **_Cloud-init >= 21.2 removes the udf requirement_**. However, without the udf module enabled, the cdrom won't mount during provisioning, preventing custom data from being applied. A workaround for this is to apply custom data using user data. However, unlike custom data, user data isn't encrypted. https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/format.html
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> **(_Cloud-init >= 21.2 removes the udf requirement._)** however without the udf module enabled the cdrom won't mount during provisioning, preventing custom data from being applied. A workaround for this is to apply custom data. However, unlike custom data user data, isn't encrypted. https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/format.html
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## Use SUSE Studio
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## Prepare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for Azure
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1. In the center pane of Hyper-V Manager, select the virtual machine.
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2. Click **Connect** to open the window for the virtual machine.
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1. Configure the Azure/Hyper-v modules if required.
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If your software hypervisor is not Hyper-V, other modules need to be added into the initramfs to successfully boot in Azure
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Edit the "/etc/dracut.conf" file and add the following line to the file:
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```config
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add_drivers+=" hv_vmbus hv_netvsc hv_storvsc "
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```
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Once the configuration file has been saved, run the following command to update the intramfs of the host:
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```bash
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sudo dracut --verbose --force
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```
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2. Setup the Serial Console.
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In order to successfully work with the serial console, it's required to set up several variables in the "/etc/defaults/grub" file.
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```config
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# Add console=ttyS0 and earlyprintk=ttS0 to the variable
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# remove "splash=silent" and "quiet" options.
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="audit=1 no-scroll fbcon=scrollback:0 mitigations=auto security=apparmor crashkernel=228M,high crashkernel=72M,low console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=ttyS0"
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# Add "console serial" to GRUB_TERMINAL
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GRUB_TERMINAL="console serial"
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# Set the GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND variable
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GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=115200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1"
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```
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Next recreate the grub:
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```shell
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/usr/sbin/grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
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```
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3. Register your SUSE Linux Enterprise system to allow it to download updates and install packages.
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4. Update the system with the latest patches:
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```bash
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6. Enable waagent & cloud-init to start on boot
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```bash
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sudo chkconfig waagent on
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sudo systemctl enable waagent
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sudo systemctl enable cloud-init-local.service
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sudo systemctl enable cloud-init.service
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sudo systemctl enable cloud-config.service
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sudo cloud-init clean
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```
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7. Update waagent and cloud-init configuration
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7. Update the cloud-init configuration
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```bash
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sudo sed -i 's/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=n/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=auto/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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sudo sed -i 's/Provisioning.Enabled=y/Provisioning.Enabled=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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sudo sh -c 'printf "datasource:\n Azure:" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/91-azure_datasource.cfg'
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sudo sh -c 'printf "reporting:\n logging:\n type: log\n telemetry:\n type: hyperv" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/10-azure-kvp.cfg'
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cat <<EOF | sudo /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/91-azure_datasource.cfg
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datasource_list: [ Azure ]
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datasource:
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Azure:
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apply_network_config: False
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EOF
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```
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8. Edit the "/etc/default/grub" file to ensure console logs are sent to the serial port by adding the following line:
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```bash
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sudo cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/05_logging.cfg
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# This tells cloud-init to redirect its stdout and stderr to
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# 'tee -a /var/log/cloud-init-output.log' so the user can see output
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# there without needing to look on the console.
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output: {all: '| tee -a /var/log/cloud-init-output.log'}
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EOF
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# Make sure mounts and disk_setup are in the init stage:
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echo "Adding mounts and disk_setup to init stage"
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sudo sed -i '/ - mounts/d' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
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sudo sed -i '/ - disk_setup/d' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
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sudo sed -i '/cloud_init_modules/a\\ - mounts' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
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sudo sed -i '/cloud_init_modules/a\\ - disk_setup' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
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```
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```config-grub
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console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=ttyS0
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8. If you want to mount, format, and create a swap partition you can either:
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* Pass this configuration in as a cloud-init config every time you create a VM.
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* Use a cloud-init directive baked into the image that configures swap space every time the VM is created:
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```bash
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/systemd/system.conf
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'DefaultEnvironment="CLOUD_CFG=/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/00-azure-swap.cfg"'
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EOF
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/00-azure-swap.cfg
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#cloud-config
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# Generated by Azure cloud image build
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disk_setup:
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ephemeral0:
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table_type: mbr
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layout: [66, [33, 82]]
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overwrite: True
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fs_setup:
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- device: ephemeral0.1
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filesystem: ext4
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- device: ephemeral0.2
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filesystem: swap
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mounts:
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- ["ephemeral0.1", "/mnt"]
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- ["ephemeral0.2", "none", "swap", "sw,nofail,x-systemd.requires=cloud-init.service,x-systemd.device-timeout=2", "0", "0"]
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EOF
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```
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9. Previously, the Azure Linux Agent was used to automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that is attached to the virtual machine after the virtual machine is provisioned on Azure. However, this step is now handled by cloud-init, you **must not** use the Linux Agent to format the resource disk or create the swap file. Use these commands to modify `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
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Next, apply this change by running the following command:
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```bash
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sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
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sudo sed -i 's/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=n/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=auto/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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sudo sed -i 's/Provisioning.Enabled=y/Provisioning.Enabled=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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sudo sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.Format=y/ResourceDisk.Format=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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sudo sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=y/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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```
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This configuration will ensure all console messages are sent to the first serial port, which can assist Azure support with debugging issues.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Make sure the **'udf'** module is enabled. Removing/disabling them will cause a provisioning/boot failure. **(_Cloud-init >= 21.2 removes the udf requirement. Please read top of document for more detail)**
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9. Ensure the "/etc/fstab" file references the disk using its UUID (by-uuid)
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10. Ensure the "/etc/fstab" file references the disk using its UUID (by-uuid)
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10. Modify udev rules to avoid generating static rules for the Ethernet interface(s). These rules can cause problems when cloning a virtual machine in Microsoft Azure or Hyper-V:
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11. Remove udev rules and network adapter configuration files to avoid generating static rules for the Ethernet interface(s). These rules can cause problems when cloning a virtual machine in Microsoft Azure or Hyper-V:
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```bash
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sudo ln -s /dev/null /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules
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sudo rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
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sudo rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/85-persistent-net-cloud-init.rules
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sudo rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth*
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```
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11. It's recommended to edit the "/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp" file and change the `DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME` parameter to the following:
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12. It's recommended to edit the "/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp" file and change the `DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME` parameter to the following:
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```config
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DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME="no"
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```
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12. In the "/etc/sudoers" file, comment out or remove the following lines if they exist:
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13. In the "/etc/sudoers" file, comment out or remove the following lines if they exist:
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```output
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Defaults targetpw # ask for the password of the target user i.e. root
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ALL ALL=(ALL) ALL # WARNING! Only use this setting together with 'Defaults targetpw'!
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```
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13. Ensure that the SSH server is installed and configured to start at boot time.
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14. Swap configuration
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Don't create swap space on the operating system disk.
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14. Ensure that the SSH server is installed and configured to start at boot time.
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```bash
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sudo systemctl enable sshd
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```
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Previously, the Azure Linux Agent was used to automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that is attached to the virtual machine after the virtual machine is provisioned on Azure. However, this step is now handled by cloud-init, you **must not** use the Linux Agent to format the resource disk or create the swap file. Use these commands to modify `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
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15. Make sure to clean cloud-init stage;
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```bash
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sudo sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.Format=y/ResourceDisk.Format=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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sudo sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=y/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
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sudo cloud-init clean --seed --logs
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```
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For more information on the waagent.conf configuration options, see the [Linux agent configuration](../extensions/agent-linux.md#configuration) documentation.
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If you want to mount, format, and create a swap partition you can either:
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* Pass this configuration in as a cloud-init config every time you create a VM.
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* Use a cloud-init directive baked into the image that configures swap space every time the VM is created:
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```bash
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sudo echo 'DefaultEnvironment="CLOUD_CFG=/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/00-azure-swap.cfg"' >> /etc/systemd/system.conf
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cat > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/00-azure-swap.cfg << EOF
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#cloud-config
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# Generated by Azure cloud image build
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disk_setup:
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ephemeral0:
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table_type: mbr
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layout: [66, [33, 82]]
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overwrite: True
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fs_setup:
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- device: ephemeral0.1
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filesystem: ext4
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- device: ephemeral0.2
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filesystem: swap
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mounts:
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- ["ephemeral0.1", "/mnt"]
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- ["ephemeral0.2", "none", "swap", "sw,nofail,x-systemd.requires=cloud-init.service,x-systemd.device-timeout=2", "0", "0"]
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EOF
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```
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> [!NOTE]
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> Make sure the **'udf'** module is enabled. Removing/disabling them will cause a provisioning/boot failure. **(_Cloud-init >= 21.2 removes the udf requirement. Please read top of document for more detail)**
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16. Run the following commands to deprovision the virtual machine and prepare it for provisioning on Azure:
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>[!NOTE]
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> If you're migrating a specific virtual machine and don't wish to create a generalized image, skip the deprovision step
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15. Run the following commands to deprovision the virtual machine and prepare it for provisioning on Azure:
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> [!NOTE]
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> If you're migrating a specific virtual machine and don't wish to create a generalized image, skip the deprovision step.
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```bash
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```bash
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sudo rm -f /var/log/waagent.log
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sudo cloud-init clean
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sudo waagent -force -deprovision+user
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sudo rm -f ~/.bash_history
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sudo export HISTSIZE=0
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```
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sudo rm -f ~/.bash_history
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```
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16. Click **Action -> Shut Down** in Hyper-V Manager. Your Linux VHD is now ready to be [**uploaded to Azure**](./upload-vhd.md#option-1-upload-a-vhd).
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## Prepare openSUSE 15.2+
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sudo zypper install WALinuxAgent
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```
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6. Modify the kernel boot line in your grub configuration to include additional kernel parameters for Azure. To do this, open "/boot/grub/menu.lst" in a text editor and ensure that the default kernel includes the following parameters:
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6. Modify the kernel boot line in your grub configuration to include other kernel parameters for Azure. To do this, open "/boot/grub/menu.lst" in a text editor and ensure that the default kernel includes the following parameters:
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```config-grub
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console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=ttyS0
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```
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This option will ensure all console messages are sent to the first serial port, which can assist Azure support with debugging issues. In addition, remove the following parameters from the kernel boot line if they exist:
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This option ensures all console messages are sent to the first serial port, which can assist Azure support with debugging issues. In addition, remove the following parameters from the kernel boot line if they exist:
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```config-grub
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libata.atapi_enabled=0 reserve=0x1f0,0x8
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9. Ensure that the SSH server is installed and configured to start at boot time.
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10. Don't create swap space on the OS disk.
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The Azure Linux Agent can automatically configure swap space using the local resource disk that is attached to the VM after provisioning on Azure. Note that the local resource disk is a *temporary* disk and might be emptied when the VM is deprovisioned. After installing the Azure Linux Agent (see previous step), modify the following parameters in the "/etc/waagent.conf" as follows:
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The Azure Linux Agent can automatically configure swap space using the local resource disk that is attached to the VM after provisioning on Azure. The local resource disk is a *temporary* disk and will be emptied when the VM is deprovisioned. After installing the Azure Linux Agent (see previous step), modify the following parameters in the "/etc/waagent.conf" as follows:
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```config-conf
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ResourceDisk.Format=y
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ResourceDisk.Format=n
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ResourceDisk.Filesystem=ext4
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ResourceDisk.MountPoint=/mnt/resource
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ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=y
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ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=n
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ResourceDisk.SwapSizeMB=2048 ## NOTE: set the size to whatever you need it to be.
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```
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```bash
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sudo rm -f ~/.bash_history # Remove current user history
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sudo -i
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sudo rm -rf /var/lib/waagent/
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sudo rm -f /var/log/waagent.log
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sudo waagent -force -deprovision+user

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