By default, for each table created without an index option, an internal component (index builder) creates a non-ordered clustered columnstore index (CCI) on it. Data in each column is compressed into a separate CCI rowgroup segment. There's metadata on each segment's value range, so segments that are outside the bounds of the query predicate aren't read from disk during query execution. CCI offers the highest level of data compression and reduces the size of segments to read so queries can run faster. However, because the index builder doesn't sort data before compressing them into segments, segments with overlapping value ranges could occur, causing queries to read more segments from disk and take longer to finish.
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