-From an application standpoint, the client system makes a request to Azure Application Gateway (or other load-balancing technologies in Azure) which redirects the request to the region closest to the client. Azure Application Gateway also supports sticky sessions, so any requests coming from the same client are routed to the same application server. The application server uses connection pooling in data access drivers. This feature is available in drivers such as JDBC, ODP.NET, OCI, etc. The drivers can recognize sharding keys specified as part of the request. [Oracle Universal Connection Pool (UCP)](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/jjucp/ucp-database-sharding-overview.html) for JDBC clients can enable non-Oracle application clients such as Apache Tomcat and IIS to work with Oracle Sharding. During the initial request, the application server connects to the shard director in its region to get routing information for the shard that the request needs to be routed to. Based on the sharding key passed, the director routes the app server to the respective shard. The application server caches this information by building a map, and for subsequent requests, bypasses the shard director and routes requests straight to the shard.
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