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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/application-gateway/application-gateway-components.md
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title: Application gateway components
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description: This article provides information about the various components in an application gateway
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services: application-gateway
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author: surajmb
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author: greg-lindsay
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ms.service: application-gateway
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ms.topic: conceptual
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ms.date: 08/21/2020
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ms.author: surmb
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ms.author: greglin
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---
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# Application gateway components
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## Request routing rules
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A request routing rule is a key component of an application gateway because it determines how to route traffic on the listener. The rule binds the listener, the back-end server pool, and the backend HTTP settings.
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A request routing rule is a key component of an application gateway because it determines how to route traffic on the listener. The rule binds the listener, the backend server pool, and the backend HTTP settings.
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When a listener accepts a request, the request routing rule forwards the request to the backend or redirects it elsewhere. If the request is forwarded to the backend, the request routing rule defines which backend server pool to forward it to. The request routing rule also determines if the headers in the request are to be rewritten. One listener can be attached to one rule.
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By default, an application gateway monitors the health of all resources in its backend pool and automatically removes unhealthy ones. It then monitors unhealthy instances and adds them back to the healthy backend pool when they become available and respond to health probes.
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In addition to using default health probe monitoring, you can also customize the health probe to suit your application's requirements. Custom probes allow more granular control over the health monitoring. When using custom probes, you can configure a custom hostname, URL path, probe interval, and how many failed responses to accept before marking the back-end pool instance as unhealthy, custom status codes and response body match, etc. We recommend that you configure custom probes to monitor the health of each backend pool.
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In addition to using default health probe monitoring, you can also customize the health probe to suit your application's requirements. Custom probes allow more granular control over the health monitoring. When using custom probes, you can configure a custom hostname, URL path, probe interval, and how many failed responses to accept before marking the backend pool instance as unhealthy, custom status codes and response body match, etc. We recommend that you configure custom probes to monitor the health of each backend pool.
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For more information, see [Monitor the health of your application gateway](../application-gateway/application-gateway-probe-overview.md).
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/application-gateway/application-gateway-create-probe-classic-ps.md
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Edit the values between the parentheses for the configuration items. Save the file with extension .xml.
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The following example shows how to use a configuration file to set up the application gateway to load balance HTTP traffic on public port 80 and send network traffic to back-end port 80 between two IP addresses by using a custom probe.
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The following example shows how to use a configuration file to set up the application gateway to load balance HTTP traffic on public port 80 and send network traffic to backend port 80 between two IP addresses by using a custom probe.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> The protocol item Http or Https is case-sensitive.
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|**Host** and **Path**| Complete URL path that is invoked by the application gateway to determine the health of the instance. For example, if you have a website http:\//contoso.com/, then the custom probe can be configured for "http:\//contoso.com/path/custompath.htm" for probe checks to have a successful HTTP response.|
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|**Interval**| Configures the probe interval checks in seconds.|
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|**Timeout**| Defines the probe time-out for an HTTP response check.|
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|**UnhealthyThreshold**| The number of failed HTTP responses needed to flag the back-end instance as *unhealthy*.|
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|**UnhealthyThreshold**| The number of failed HTTP responses needed to flag the backend instance as *unhealthy*.|
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The probe name is referenced in the \<BackendHttpSettings\> configuration to assign which back-end pool uses custom probe settings.
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The probe name is referenced in the \<BackendHttpSettings\> configuration to assign which backend pool uses custom probe settings.
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## Add a custom probe to an existing application gateway
In this article, you add a custom health probe to an existing application gateway through the Azure portal. Azure Application Gateway uses these health probes to monitor the health of the resources in the back-end pool.
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In this article, you add a custom health probe to an existing application gateway through the Azure portal. Azure Application Gateway uses these health probes to monitor the health of the resources in the backend pool.
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## Before you begin
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|**Name**|customProbe|This value is a friendly name given to the probe that is accessible in the portal.|
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|**Protocol**|HTTP or HTTPS | The protocol that the health probe uses. |
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|**Host**|i.e contoso.com|This value is the name of the virtual host (different from the VM host name) running on the application server. The probe is sent to \<protocol\>://\<host name\>:\<port\>/\<urlPath\> This can also be the private IP address of the server, or the public IP address, or the DNS entry of the public IP address. The probe will attempt to access the server when used with a file based path entry, and validate a specific file exists on the server as a health check.|
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|**Pick host name from backend HTTP settings**|Yes or No|Sets the *host* header in the probe to the host name from the HTTP settings to which this probe is associated. Specially required for multi-tenant backends such as Azure app service. [Learn more](./configuration-http-settings.md#pick-host-name-from-back-end-address)|
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|**Pick host name from backend HTTP settings**|Yes or No|Sets the *host* header in the probe to the host name from the HTTP settings to which this probe is associated. Specially required for multi-tenant backends such as Azure app service. [Learn more](./configuration-http-settings.md#pick-host-name-from-backend-address)|
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|**Pick port from backend HTTP settings**| Yes or No|Sets the *port* of the health probe to the port from HTTP settings to which this probe is associated. If you choose no, you can enter a custom destination port to use |
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|**Port**| 1-65535 | Custom port to be used for the health probes |
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|**Path**|/ or any valid path|The remainder of the full url for the custom probe. A valid path starts with '/'. For the default path of http:\//contoso.com, just use '/'. You can also input a server path to a file for a static health check instead of web based. File paths should be used while using public / private ip, or public ip dns entry as the hostname entry.|
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|**HTTP Settings**|selection from dropdown|Probe will get associated with the HTTP settings selected here and therefore, will monitor the health of that backend pool, which is associated with the selected HTTP setting. It will use the same port for the probe request as the one being used in the selected HTTP setting. You can only choose those HTTP settings, which aren't associated with any other custom probe. <br>The only HTTP settings that are available for association are those that have the same protocol as the protocol chosen in this probe configuration, and have the same state for the *Pick Host Name From Backend HTTP setting* switch.|
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> The probe will monitor health of the backend only when it's associated with one or more HTTP settings. It will monitor back-end resources of those back-end pools which are associated to the HTTP settings to which this probe is associated with. The probe request will be sent as \<protocol\>://\<hostName\>:\<port\>/\<urlPath\>.
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> The probe will monitor health of the backend only when it's associated with one or more HTTP settings. It will monitor backend resources of those backend pools which are associated to the HTTP settings to which this probe is associated with. The probe request will be sent as \<protocol\>://\<hostName\>:\<port\>/\<urlPath\>.
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### Test backend health with the probe
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After entering the probe properties, you can test the health of the back-end resources to verify that the probe configuration is correct and that the back-end resources are working as expected.
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After entering the probe properties, you can test the health of the backend resources to verify that the probe configuration is correct and that the backend resources are working as expected.
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1. Select **Test** and note the result of the probe. The Application gateway tests the health of all the backend resources in the backend pools associated with the HTTP settings used for this probe.
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|**Name**|customProbe|This value is a friendly name given to the probe that is accessible in the portal.|
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|**Protocol**|HTTP or HTTPS | The protocol that the health probe uses. |
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|**Host**|i.e contoso.com|This value is the name of the virtual host (different from the VM host name) running on the application server. The probe is sent to (protocol)://(host name):(port from httpsetting)/urlPath. This is applicable when multi-site is configured on Application Gateway. If the Application Gateway is configured for a single site, then enter '127.0.0.1'. You can also input a server path to a file for a static health check instead of web based. File paths should be used while using public / private ip, or public ip dns entry as the hostname entry.|
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|**Pick host name from backend HTTP settings**|Yes or No|Sets the *host* header in the probe to the host name of the back-end resource in the back-end pool associated with the HTTP Setting to which this probe is associated. Specially required for multi-tenant backends such as Azure app service. [Learn more](./configuration-http-settings.md#pick-host-name-from-back-end-address)|
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|**Pick host name from backend HTTP settings**|Yes or No|Sets the *host* header in the probe to the host name of the backend resource in the backend pool associated with the HTTP Setting to which this probe is associated. Specially required for multi-tenant backends such as Azure app service. [Learn more](./configuration-http-settings.md#pick-host-name-from-backend-address)|
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|**Path**|/ or any valid path|The remainder of the full url for the custom probe. A valid path starts with '/'. For the default path of http:\//contoso.com, just use '/' You can also input a server path to a file for a static health check instead of web based. File paths should be used while using public / private ip, or public ip dns entry as the hostname entry.|
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|**Interval (secs)**|30|How often the probe is run to check for health. It isn't recommended to set the lower than 30 seconds.|
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|**Timeout (secs)**|30|The amount of time the probe waits before timing out. If a valid response isn't received within this time-out period, the probe is marked as failed. The timeout interval needs to be high enough that an http call can be made to ensure the backend health page is available. The time-out value shouldn't be more than the ‘Interval’ value used in this probe setting or the ‘Request timeout’ value in the HTTP setting, which will be associated with this probe.|
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## Next steps
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View the health of the backend resources as determined by the probe using the [backend health view](./application-gateway-diagnostics.md#back-end-health).
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View the health of the backend resources as determined by the probe using the [backend health view](./application-gateway-diagnostics.md#backend-health).
### Create a public IP address for the front-end configuration
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### Create a public IP address for the frontend configuration
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Create a public IP resource **publicIP01** in resource group **appgw-rg** for the West US region. This example uses a public IP address for the front-end IP address of the application gateway. Application gateway requires the public IP address to have a dynamically created DNS name therefore the `-DomainNameLabel` cannot be specified during the creation of the public IP address.
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Create a public IP resource **publicIP01** in resource group **appgw-rg** for the West US region. This example uses a public IP address for the frontend IP address of the application gateway. Application gateway requires the public IP address to have a dynamically created DNS name therefore the `-DomainNameLabel` cannot be specified during the creation of the public IP address.
# Creates a frontend IP configuration. This associates the $publicip variable defined previously with the front-end IP that will be used by the listener.
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# Creates a frontend IP configuration. This associates the $publicip variable defined previously with the frontend IP that will be used by the listener.
# Creates the listener. The listener is a combination of protocol and the frontend IP configuration $fipconfig and frontend port $fp created in previous steps.
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