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@@ -16,28 +16,28 @@ IoT Hub provides three options for device apps to expose functionality to a back
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*[Direct methods](iot-hub-devguide-direct-methods.md) for communications that require immediate confirmation of the result. Direct methods are often used for interactive control of devices such as turning on a fan.
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*[Twin's desired properties](iot-hub-devguide-device-twins.md) for long-running commands intended to put the device into a certain desired state. For example, set the telemetry send interval to 30 minutes.
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*[Device twin's desired properties](iot-hub-devguide-device-twins.md) for long-running commands intended to put the device into a certain desired state. For example, set the telemetry send interval to 30 minutes.
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*[Cloud-to-device messages](iot-hub-devguide-messages-c2d.md) for one-way notifications to the device app.
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To learn how [Azure IoT Plug and Play](../iot/overview-iot-plug-and-play.md) uses these options to control IoT Plug and Play devices, see [IoT Plug and Play service developer guide](../iot/concepts-developer-guide-service.md).
| Scenario | Commands that require immediate confirmation, such as turning on a fan. | Long-running commands intended to put the device into a certain desired state. For example, set the telemetry send interval to 30 minutes. | One-way notifications to the device app. |
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| Data flow | Two-way. The device app can respond to the method right away. The solution back end receives the outcome contextually to the request. | One-way. The device app receives a notification with the property change. | One-way. The device app receives the message
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| Durability | Disconnected devices are not contacted. The solution back end is notified that the device is not connected. | Property values are preserved in the device twin. Device will read it at next reconnection. Property values are retrievable with the [IoT Hub query language](iot-hub-devguide-query-language.md). |Messages can be retained by IoT Hub for up to 48 hours. |
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| Durability | Disconnected devices aren't contacted. The solution back end is notified that the device isn't connected. | Property values are preserved in the device twin. Device will read it at next reconnection. Property values are retrievable with the [IoT Hub query language](iot-hub-devguide-query-language.md). |IoT Hub can retain messages for up to 48 hours. |
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| Targets | Single device using **deviceId**, or multiple devices using [jobs](iot-hub-devguide-jobs.md). | Single device using **deviceId**, or multiple devices using [jobs](iot-hub-devguide-jobs.md). | Single device by **deviceId**. |
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| Size | Maximum direct method payload size is 128 KB for the request and 128 KB for the response. | Maximum desired properties size is 32 KB. | Up to 64KB messages. |
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| Frequency | High. For more information, see [IoT Hub limits](iot-hub-devguide-quotas-throttling.md). | Medium. For more information, see [IoT Hub limits](iot-hub-devguide-quotas-throttling.md). | Low. For more information, see [IoT Hub limits](iot-hub-devguide-quotas-throttling.md). |
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| Size | Maximum direct method payload size is 128 KB for the request and 128 KB for the response. | Maximum desired properties size is 32 KB. | Up to 64-KB messages. |
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| Frequency | High. For more information, see [IoT Hub quotas and throttling](iot-hub-devguide-quotas-throttling.md). | Medium. For more information, see [IoT Hub quotas and throttling](iot-hub-devguide-quotas-throttling.md). | Low. For more information, see [IoT Hub quotas and throttling](iot-hub-devguide-quotas-throttling.md). |
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| Protocol | Available using MQTT or AMQP. | Available using MQTT or AMQP. | Available on all protocols. Device must poll when using HTTPS. |
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Learn how to use direct methods, desired properties, and cloud-to-device messages in the following tutorials:
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*[Quickstart: Control a device connected to an IoT hub](quickstart-control-device.md)
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*[Use desired properties to configure devices](tutorial-device-twins.md)
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