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articles/dns/private-resolver-hybrid-dns.md

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---
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title: Resolve Azure and on-premises domains
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description: Configure Azure and on-premises DNS to resolve private DNS zones and on-premises domains
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title: Resolve Azure and on-premises domains.
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description: Configure Azure and on-premises DNS to resolve private DNS zones and on-premises domains.
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services: dns
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author: greg-lindsay
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ms.service: dns
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ms.topic: how-to
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ms.date: 10/05/2023
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ms.date: 04/05/2024
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ms.author: greglin
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#Customer intent: As an administrator, I want to resolve on-premises domains in Azure and resolve Azure private zones on-premises.
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## Hybrid DNS resolution
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This article provides guidance on how to configure hybrid DNS resolution by using an [Azure DNS Private Resolver](#azure-dns-private-resolver) with a [DNS forwarding ruleset](#dns-forwarding-ruleset).
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This article provides guidance on how to configure hybrid DNS resolution by using an [Azure DNS Private Resolver](#azure-dns-private-resolver) with a [DNS forwarding ruleset](#dns-forwarding-ruleset). In this scenario, your Azure DNS resources are connected to an on-premises network using a VPN or ExpressRoute connection.
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*Hybrid DNS resolution* is defined here as enabling Azure resources to resolve your on-premises domains, and on-premises DNS to resolve your Azure private DNS zones.
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- [Create a private zone - PowerShell](private-dns-getstarted-powershell.md)
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- [Create a private zone - CLI](private-dns-getstarted-cli.md)
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In this article, the private zone **azure.contoso.com** and the resource record **test** are used. Autoregistration isn't required for the current demonstration.
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In this article, the private zone **azure.contoso.com** and the resource record **test** are used. Autoregistration isn't required for the current demonstration.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> A recursive server is used to forward queries from on-premises to Azure in this example. If the server is authoritative for the parent zone (contoso.com), forwarding is not possible unless you first create a delegation for azure.contoso.com.
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[ ![View resource records](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/private-zone-records-small.png) ](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/private-zone-records.png#lightbox)
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**Requirement**: You must create a virtual network link in the zone to the virtual network where you deploy your Azure DNS Private Resolver. In the following example, the private zone is linked to two VNets: **myeastvnet** and **mywestvnet**. At least one link is required.
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**Requirement**: You must create a virtual network link in the zone to the virtual network where you deploy your Azure DNS Private Resolver. In the following example, the private zone is linked to two VNets: **myeastvnet** and **mywestvnet**. At least one link is required.
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[ ![View zone links](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/private-zone-links-small.png) ](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/private-zone-links.png#lightbox)
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## Create an Azure DNS Private Resolver
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The following quickstarts are available to help you create a private resolver. These quickstarts walk you through creating a resource group, a virtual network, and Azure DNS Private Resolver. The steps to configure an inbound endpoint, outbound endpoint, and DNS forwarding ruleset are provided:
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The following quickstarts are available to help you create a private resolver. These quickstarts walk you through creating a resource group, a virtual network, and Azure DNS Private Resolver. The steps to configure an inbound endpoint, outbound endpoint, and DNS forwarding ruleset are provided:
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- [Create a private resolver - portal](dns-private-resolver-get-started-portal.md)
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- [Create a private resolver - PowerShell](dns-private-resolver-get-started-powershell.md)
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When you're finished, write down the IP address of the inbound endpoint for the Azure DNS Private Resolver. In this example, the IP address is **10.10.0.4**. This IP address is used later to configure on-premises DNS conditional forwarders.
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When you're finished, write down the IP address of the inbound endpoint for the Azure DNS Private Resolver. In this example, the IP address is **10.10.0.4**. This IP address is used later to configure on-premises DNS conditional forwarders.
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[ ![View endpoint IP address](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/inbound-endpoint-ip-small.png) ](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/inbound-endpoint-ip.png#lightbox)
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[ ![View ruleset region](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/forwarding-ruleset-region-small.png) ](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/forwarding-ruleset-region.png#lightbox)
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**Requirement**: You must create a virtual network link to the vnet where your private resolver is deployed. In the following example, two virtual network links are present. The link **myeastvnet-link** is created to a hub vnet where the private resolver is provisioned. There's also a virtual network link **myeastspoke-link** that provides hybrid DNS resolution in a spoke vnet that doesn't have its own private resolver. The spoke network is able to use the private resolver because it peers with the hub network. The spoke vnet link isn't required for the current demonstration.
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**Requirement**: You must create a virtual network link to the vnet where your private resolver is deployed. In the following example, two virtual network links are present. The link **myeastvnet-link** is created to a hub vnet where the private resolver is provisioned. There's also a virtual network link **myeastspoke-link** that provides hybrid DNS resolution in a spoke vnet that doesn't have its own private resolver. The spoke network is able to use the private resolver because it peers with the hub network. The spoke vnet link isn't required for the current demonstration.
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[ ![View ruleset links](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/ruleset-links-small.png) ](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/ruleset-links.png#lightbox)
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Next, create a rule in your ruleset for your on-premises domain. In this example, we use **contoso.com**. Set the destination IP address for your rule to be the IP address of your on-premises DNS server. In this example, the on-premises DNS server is at **10.100.0.2**. Verify that the rule is **Enabled**.
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Next, create a rule in your ruleset for your on-premises domain. In this example, we use **contoso.com**. Set the destination IP address for your rule to be the IP address of your on-premises DNS server. In this example, the on-premises DNS server is at **10.100.0.2**. Verify that the rule is **Enabled**.
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[ ![View rules](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/ruleset-rules-small.png) ](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/ruleset-rules.png#lightbox)
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## Demonstrate hybrid DNS
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Using a VM located in the virtual network where the Azure DNS Private Resolver is provisioned, issue a DNS query for a resource record in your on-premises domain. In this example, a query is performed for the record **testdns.contoso.com**:
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Using a VM located in the virtual network where the Azure DNS Private Resolver is provisioned, issue a DNS query for a resource record in your on-premises domain. In this example, a query is performed for the record **testdns.contoso.com**:
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![Verify Azure to on-premise](./media/private-resolver-hybrid-dns/azure-to-on-premises-lookup.png)
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The path for the query is: Azure DNS > inbound endpoint > outbound endpoint > ruleset rule for contoso.com > on-premises DNS (10.100.0.2). The DNS server at 10.100.0.2 is an on-premises DNS resolver, but it could also be an authoritative DNS server.
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The path for the query is: Azure DNS > inbound endpoint > outbound endpoint > ruleset rule for contoso.com > on-premises DNS (10.100.0.2). The DNS server at 10.100.0.2 is an on-premises DNS resolver, but it could also be an authoritative DNS server.
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Using an on-premises VM or device, issue a DNS query for a resource record in your Azure private DNS zone. In this example, a query is performed for the record **test.azure.contoso.com**:
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* Learn how to create an Azure DNS Private Resolver by using [Azure PowerShell](./dns-private-resolver-get-started-powershell.md) or [Azure portal](./dns-private-resolver-get-started-portal.md).
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* Understand how to [Resolve Azure and on-premises domains](private-resolver-hybrid-dns.md) using the Azure DNS Private Resolver.
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* Learn about [Azure DNS Private Resolver endpoints and rulesets](private-resolver-endpoints-rulesets.md).
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* Learn how to [Set up DNS failover using private resolvers](tutorial-dns-private-resolver-failover.md)
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* Learn how to [Set up DNS failover using private resolvers](tutorial-dns-private-resolver-failover.md).
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* Learn about some of the other key [networking capabilities](../networking/fundamentals/networking-overview.md) of Azure.
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* [Learn module: Introduction to Azure DNS](/training/modules/intro-to-azure-dns).

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