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articles/storage/files/storage-files-active-directory-overview.md

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@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Identity-based authentication isn't supported with Network File System (NFS) sha
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> Our recommended security best practice is to never share your storage account keys and to use identity-based authentication instead.
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## How identity-based authentication works
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## How it works
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Azure file shares use the Kerberos protocol to authenticate with an identity source. When an identity associated with a user or application running on a client attempts to access data in Azure file shares, the request is sent to the identity source to authenticate the identity. If authentication is successful, the identity source returns a Kerberos token. The client then sends a request that includes the Kerberos token, and the Azure Files service uses that token to authorize the request. Azure Files only receives the Kerberos token, not the user's access credentials.
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## Choose an identity source for your storage account
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Before you enable identity-based authentication on your storage account, you need to know what identity source you're going to use. It's likely that you already have one, as most companies and organizations have some type of domain environment already configured. Consult your Active Directory (AD) or IT admin to be sure. If you don't already have a domain environment, you'll need to configure one before you can enable identity-based authentication.
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Before you enable identity-based authentication on your storage account, you need to know what identity source you're going to use. It's likely that you already have one, as most companies and organizations have some type of domain environment already configured. Consult your Active Directory (AD) or IT admin to be sure. If you don't already have an identity source, you'll need to configure one before you can enable identity-based authentication.
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You can enable identity-based authentication over SMB using one of three identity sources: **On-premises Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)**, **Microsoft Entra Domain Services**, or **Microsoft Entra Kerberos (hybrid identities only)**. You can only use one identity source for file access authentication per storage account, and it applies to all file shares in the account.
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### AD DS
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For on-premises AD DS authentication, you must set up your AD domain controllers and domain-join your machines or VMs. You can host your domain controllers on Azure VMs or on-premises. Either way, your domain-joined clients must have unimpeded network connectivity to the domain controller, so they must be within the corporate network or virtual network (VNET) of your domain service.
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For AD DS authentication, you must domain-join your client machines or VMs. You can host your AD domain controllers on Azure VMs or on-premises. Either way, your domain-joined clients must have unimpeded network connectivity to the domain controller, so they must be within the corporate network or virtual network (VNET) of your domain service.
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The following diagram depicts on-premises AD DS authentication to Azure file shares over SMB. The on-premises AD DS must be synced to Microsoft Entra ID using Microsoft Entra Connect Sync or Microsoft Entra Connect cloud sync. Only [hybrid user identities](../../active-directory/hybrid/whatis-hybrid-identity.md) that exist in both on-premises AD DS and Microsoft Entra ID can be authenticated and authorized for Azure file share access. This is because the share-level permission is configured against the identity represented in Microsoft Entra ID, whereas the directory/file-level permission is enforced with that in AD DS. Make sure that you configure the permissions correctly against the same hybrid user.
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### Microsoft Entra Domain Services
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For Microsoft Entra Domain Services authentication, you should enable Microsoft Entra Domain Services and domain-join the VMs you plan to access file data from. Your domain-joined VM must reside in the same virtual network (VNET) as your Microsoft Entra Domain Services.
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For Microsoft Entra Domain Services authentication, you must enable Microsoft Entra Domain Services and domain-join the VMs you plan to access file data from. Your domain-joined VM must reside in the same VNET as your Microsoft Entra Domain Services hosted domain.
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The following diagram represents the workflow for Microsoft Entra Domain Services authentication to Azure file shares over SMB. It follows a similar pattern to on-premises AD DS authentication, but there are two major differences:
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1. You don't need to create the identity in Microsoft Entra Domain Services to represent the storage account. This is performed by the enablement process in the background.
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1. You don't need to create an identity in Microsoft Entra Domain Services to represent the storage account. This is performed by the enablement process in the background.
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2. All users that exist in Microsoft Entra ID can be authenticated and authorized. The user can be cloud-only or hybrid. The sync from Microsoft Entra ID to Microsoft Entra Domain Services is managed by the platform without requiring any user configuration. However, the client must be joined to the Microsoft Entra Domain Services hosted domain. It can't be Microsoft Entra joined or registered. Microsoft Entra Domain Services doesn't support non-Azure clients (i.e. user laptops, workstations, VMs in other clouds, etc.) being domain-joined to the Microsoft Entra Domain Services hosted domain. However, it's possible to mount a file share from a non-domain-joined client by providing explicit credentials such as DOMAINNAME\username or using the fully qualified domain name (username@FQDN).
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## Access control
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Azure Files enforces authorization on user access to both the share level and the directory/file levels. Share-level permission assignment can be performed on Microsoft Entra users or groups managed through Azure RBAC. With Azure RBAC, the credentials you use for file access should be available or synced to Microsoft Entra ID. You can assign Azure built-in roles like **Storage File Data SMB Share Reader** to users or groups in Microsoft Entra ID to grant access to an Azure file share.
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Azure Files enforces authorization on user access at both the share level and the directory/file levels. Share-level permission assignment can be performed on Microsoft Entra users or groups managed through Azure RBAC. With Azure RBAC, the credentials you use for file access should be available or synced to Microsoft Entra ID. You can assign Azure built-in roles like **Storage File Data SMB Share Reader** to users or groups in Microsoft Entra ID to grant access to an Azure file share.
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At the directory/file level, Azure Files supports preserving, inheriting, and enforcing [Windows ACLs](/windows/win32/secauthz/access-control-lists). You can choose to keep Windows ACLs when copying data over SMB between your existing file share and your Azure file shares. Whether you plan to enforce authorization or not, you can use Azure file shares to back up ACLs along with your data.
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