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articles/active-directory/authentication/concept-mfa-howitworks.md

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# How it works: Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication
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Multi-factor authentication is a process in which users are prompted during the sign-in process for an additional form of identification, such as to enter a code on their cellphone or to provide a fingerprint scan.
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Multi-factor authentication is a process in which users are prompted during the sign-in process for an additional form of identification, such as a code on their cellphone or a fingerprint scan.
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If you only use a password to authenticate a user, it leaves an insecure vector for attack. If the password is weak or has been exposed elsewhere, an attacker could be using it to gain access. When you require a second form of authentication, security is increased because this additional factor isn't something that's easy for an attacker to obtain or duplicate.
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You don't need to change apps and services to use Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication. The verification prompts are part of the Azure AD sign-in, which automatically requests and processes the multi-factor authentication challenge when needed.
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![Authentication methods in use at the sign-in screen](media/concept-authentication-methods/overview-login.png)
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![Multi-factor authentication sign-in screen.](media/concept-mfa-howitworks/sign-in-screen.png)
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## Available verification methods
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When a user signs in to an application or service and receives an MFA prompt, they can choose from one of their registered forms of additional verification. Users can access [My Profile](https://myprofile.microsoft.com) to edit or add verification methods.
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When users sign in to an application or service and receive a multi-factor authentication prompt, they can choose from one of their registered forms of additional verification. Users can access [My Profile](https://myprofile.microsoft.com) to edit or add verification methods.
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The following additional forms of verification can be used with Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication:
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## How to enable and use Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication
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All Azure AD tenants can use [security defaults](../fundamentals/concept-fundamentals-security-defaults.md) to quickly enable Microsoft Authenticator for all users. Users and groups can be enabled for Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication to prompt for additional verification during the sign-in event.
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You can use [security defaults](../fundamentals/concept-fundamentals-security-defaults.md) in Azure AD tenants to quickly enable Microsoft Authenticator for all users. You can enable Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication to prompt users and groups for additional verification during sign-in.
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For more granular controls, [Conditional Access](../conditional-access/overview.md) policies can be used to define events or applications that require multi-factor authentication. These policies can allow regular sign-in events when the user is on the corporate network or a registered device, but prompt for additional verification factors when remote or on a personal device.
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For more granular controls, you can use [Conditional Access](../conditional-access/overview.md) policies to define events or applications that require multi-factor authentication. These policies can allow regular sign-in when the user is on the corporate network or a registered device but prompt for additional verification factors when the user is remote or on a personal device.
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![Overview diagram of how Conditional Access works to secure the sign-in process.](media/tutorial-enable-azure-mfa/conditional-access-overview.png)
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![Diagram that shows how Conditional Access works to secure the sign-in process.](media/tutorial-enable-azure-mfa/conditional-access-overview.png)
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## Next steps
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To learn about licensing, see [Features and licenses for Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication](concept-mfa-licensing.md).
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To learn more about different authentication and validation methods, see [Authentication methods in Azure Active Directory](concept-authentication-methods.md).
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To see MFA in action, enable Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication for a set of test users in the following tutorial:
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To see multi-factor authentication in action, enable Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication for a set of test users in the following tutorial:
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> [!div class="nextstepaction"]
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> [Enable Azure AD Multi-Factor Authentication](./tutorial-enable-azure-mfa.md)
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