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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/iot-central/core/concepts-faq-apaas-paas.md
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- When you've migrated all the devices to the PaaS solution and fully exported your data from IoT Central, you can remove the devices from the IoT Central solution.
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After the migration, devices aren't automatically deleted from the IoT Central application. These devices continue to be billed as IoT Central charges for all provisioned devices in the application. When you remove these devices from the IoT Central application, they're no longer be billed. Eventually, remove the IoT Central application.
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After the migration, devices aren't automatically deleted from the IoT Central application. These devices continue to be billed as IoT Central charges for all provisioned devices in the application. When you remove these devices from the IoT Central application, you're no longer billed for them. Eventually, remove the IoT Central application.
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## Firmware best practices
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So that you can seamlessly migrate devices from your IoT Central applications to PaaS solution, follow these guidelines:
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- The device must be an IoT Plug and Play device that uses a [Digital Twins Definition Language (DTDL) V2](https://github.com/Azure/opendigitaltwins-dtdl/blob/master/DTDL/v2/dtdlv2.md) model. IoT Central requires all devices to have a DTDL model. This simplifies the interoperability between an IoT PaaS solution and IoT Central.
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- The device must be an IoT Plug and Play device that uses a [Digital Twins Definition Language (DTDL) V2](https://github.com/Azure/opendigitaltwins-dtdl/blob/master/DTDL/v2/dtdlv2.md) model. IoT Central requires all devices to have a DTDL model. These models simplify the interoperability between an IoT PaaS solution and IoT Central.
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- The device must follow the [IoT Central data formats for telemetry, property, and commands](concepts-telemetry-properties-commands.md).
IoT Central is an IoT [application platform as a service (aPaaS)](../../iot-fundamentals/iot-solution-apaas-paas.md) that reduces the burden and cost of developing, managing, and maintaining IoT solutions. Use IoT Central to quickly evaluate your IoT scenario and assess the opportunities it can create for your business. IoT Central streamlines the development of a complex and continually evolving IoT infrastructure allowing you to focus your efforts on determining the business impact you can create with the IoT data stream.
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IoT Central is an IoT [application platform as a service (aPaaS)](../../iot-fundamentals/iot-solution-apaas-paas.md) that reduces the burden and cost of developing, managing, and maintaining IoT solutions. Use IoT Central to quickly evaluate your IoT scenario and assess the opportunities it can create for your business. IoT Central streamlines the development of a complex and continually evolving IoT infrastructure by letting you to focus your efforts on determining the business impact you can create with the IoT data stream.
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The web UI lets you quickly connect devices, monitor device conditions, create rules, and manage devices and their data throughout their life cycle. Furthermore, it enables you to act on device insights by extending IoT intelligence into line-of-business applications. Once you've used IoT Central to evaluate your IoT scenario, you can then build your enterprise ready solutions by using the power of Azure IoT platform.
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- Telemetry it sends. Examples include temperature and humidity. Telemetry is streaming data.
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- Business properties that an operator can modify. Examples include a customer address and a last serviced date.
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- Device properties that are set by a device and are read-only in the application. For example, the state of a valve as either open or shut.
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- Properties that an operator sets, that determine the behavior of the device. For example, a target temperature for the device.
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- Commands that an operator can call, that run on a device. For example, a command to remotely reboot a device.
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- Properties that are set by an operator and that determine the behavior of the device. For example, a target temperature for the device.
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- Commands that are called by an operator and that run on a device. For example, a command to remotely reboot a device.
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Every [device template](howto-set-up-template.md) includes:
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/iot-fundamentals/iot-introduction.md
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# What is Azure Internet of Things (IoT)?
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The Azure Internet of Things (IoT) is a collection of Microsoft-managed cloud services that connect, monitor, and control billions of IoT assets. In simpler terms, an IoT solution is made up of one or more IoT devices that communicate with one or more back-end services hosted in the cloud.
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The Azure Internet of Things (IoT) is a collection of Microsoft-managed cloud services that connect, monitor, and control billions of IoT assets. In simpler terms, an IoT solution is made up of one or more IoT devices that communicate with one or more back-end services hosted in the cloud.
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## IoT devices
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* An accelerometer in an elevator.
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* Presence sensors in a room.
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There's a wide variety of devices available from different manufacturers to build your solution. For a list of devices certified to work with Azure IoT Hub, see the [Azure Certified for IoT device catalog](https://devicecatalog.azure.com). For prototyping, you can use devices such as an [MXChip IoT DevKit](https://microsoft.github.io/azure-iot-developer-kit/) or a [Raspberry Pi](https://www.raspberrypi.org/). The Devkit has built-in sensors for temperature, pressure, humidity, and a gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer. The Raspberry Pi lets you attach many different types of sensor.
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There's a wide variety of devices available from different manufacturers to build your solution. For a list of devices certified to work with Azure IoT Hub, see the [Azure Certified for IoT device catalog](https://devicecatalog.azure.com). For prototyping, you can use devices such as an [MXChip IoT DevKit](https://microsoft.github.io/azure-iot-developer-kit/) or a [Raspberry Pi](https://www.raspberrypi.org/). The Devkit has built-in sensors for temperature, pressure, humidity, and a gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer. The Raspberry Pi lets you attach many different types of sensor.
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Microsoft provides open-source [Device SDKs](../iot-hub/iot-hub-devguide-sdks.md) that you can use to build the apps that run on your devices. These [SDKs simplify and accelerate](https://azure.microsoft.com/blog/benefits-of-using-the-azure-iot-sdks-in-your-azure-iot-solution/) the development of your IoT solutions.
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## Communication
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Typically, IoT devices send telemetry from the sensors to back-end services in the cloud. However, other types of communication are possible such as a back-end service sending commands to your devices. The following are some examples of device-to-cloud and cloud-to-device communication:
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* A mobile refrigeration truck sends temperature every 5 minutes to an IoT Hub.
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* A mobile refrigeration truck sends temperature every 5 minutes to an IoT Hub.
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* The back-end service sends a command to a device to change the frequency at which it sends telemetry to help diagnose a problem.
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* The back-end service sends a command to a device to change the frequency at which it sends telemetry to help diagnose a problem.
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* A device sends alerts based on the values read from its sensors. For example, a device monitoring a batch reactor in a chemical plant, sends an alert when the temperature exceeds a certain value.
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* Your devices send information to display on a dashboard for viewing by human operators. For example, a control room in a refinery may show the temperature, pressure, and flow volumes in each pipe, enabling operators to monitor the facility.
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* Your devices send information to display on a dashboard for viewing by human operators. For example, a control room in a refinery may show the temperature, pressure, and flow volumes in each pipe, enabling operators to monitor the facility.
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The [IoT Device SDKs](../iot-hub/iot-hub-devguide-sdks.md) and IoT Hub support common [communication protocols](../iot-hub/iot-hub-devguide-protocols.md) such as HTTP, MQTT, and AMQP.
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IoT devices have different characteristics when compared to other clients such as browsers and mobile apps. The device SDKs help you address the challenges of connecting devices securely and reliably to your back-end service. Specifically, IoT devices:
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* Are often embedded systems with no human operator (unlike a phone).
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* Are often embedded systems with no human operator.
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* Can be deployed in remote locations, where physical access is expensive.
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* May only be reachable through the solution back end.
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* May have limited power and processing resources.
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* May have intermittent, slow, or expensive network connectivity.
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* May need to use proprietary, custom, or industry-specific application protocols.
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## Back-end services
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## Back-end services
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In an IoT solution, the back-end service provides functionality such as:
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* Receiving telemetry at scale from your devices, and determining how to process and store that data.
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* Analyzing the telemetry to provide insights, either in real time or after the fact.
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* Sending commands from the cloud to a specific device.
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* Sending commands from the cloud to a specific device.
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* Provisioning devices and controlling which devices can connect to your infrastructure.
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* Controlling the state of your devices and monitoring their activities.
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* Managing the firmware installed on your devices.
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## Azure IoT examples
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For real-life examples of how organizations use Azure IoT, see [Microsoft Technical Case Studies for IoT](https://microsoft.github.io/techcasestudies/#technology=IoT&sortBy=featured).
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For real-life examples of how organizations use Azure IoT, see [Microsoft Technical Case Studies for IoT](https://microsoft.github.io/techcasestudies/#technology=IoT&sortBy=featured).
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For an in-depth discussion of IoT architecture, see the [Microsoft Azure IoT Reference Architecture](/azure/architecture/reference-architectures/iot).
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## Next steps
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For some actual business cases and the architecture used, see the [Microsoft Azure IoT Technical Case Studies](https://microsoft.github.io/techcasestudies/#technology=IoT&sortBy=featured).
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For some sample projects that you can try out with an IoT DevKit, see the [IoT DevKit Project Catalog](https://microsoft.github.io/azure-iot-developer-kit/docs/projects/).
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For some sample projects that you can try out with an IoT DevKit, see the [IoT DevKit Project Catalog](https://microsoft.github.io/azure-iot-developer-kit/docs/projects/).
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For a more comprehensive explanation of the different services and how they're used, see [Azure IoT services and technologies](iot-services-and-technologies.md).
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For a more comprehensive explanation of the different services and how they're used, see [Azure IoT services and technologies](iot-services-and-technologies.md).
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