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IoT tutorial environment
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articles/iot-hub/iot-hub-devguide-pricing.md

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| Cloud-to-device messages | Successfully sent messages are charged in 4-KB chunks. For example, a 6-KB message is charged as two messages. <br/><br/> [Receive Device Bound Notification](/rest/api/iothub/device/device/receive-device-bound-notification): *Cloud To Device Command* |
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| File uploads | File transfer to Azure Storage isn't metered by IoT Hub. File transfer initiation and completion messages are charged as messaged metered in 4-KB increments. For example, transferring a 10-MB file is charged as two messages in addition to the Azure Storage cost. <br/><br/> [Create File Upload Sas Uri](/rest/api/iothub/operation-groups): *Device To Cloud File Upload* <br/> [Update File Upload Status](/rest/api/iothub/device/device/update-file-upload-status): *Device To Cloud File Upload* |
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| Direct methods | Successful method requests are charged in 4-KB chunks, and responses are charged in 4-KB chunks as additional messages. Requests or responses with no payload are charged as one message. For example, a method with a 4-KB body that results in a response with no payload from the device is charged as two messages. A method with a 6-KB body that results in a 1-KB response from the device is charged as two messages for the request plus another message for the response. Requests to disconnected devices are charged as messages in 4-KB chunks plus one message for a response that indicates the device isn't online. <br/><br/> [Device - Invoke Method](/rest/api/iothub/service/devices/invoke-method): *Device Direct Invoke Method*, <br/> [Module - Invoke Method](/rest/api/iothub/service/modules/invoke-method): *Module Direct Invoke Method* |
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| Device and module twin reads | Twin reads from the device or module and from the solution back end are charged as messages in 4-KB chunks. For example, reading an 8-KB twin is charged as two messages. <br/><br/> [Get Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/devices/get-twin): *Get Twin* <br/> [Get Module Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/modules/get-twin): *Get Module Twin* <br/><br/> Read device and module twins from a device: <br/> **Endpoint**: `/devices/{id}/twin` ([MQTT](../iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#retrieving-a-device-twins-properties), AMQP only): *D2C Get Twin* <br/> **Endpoint**: `/devices/{deviceid}/modules/{moduleid}/twin` (MQTT, AMQP only): *Module D2C Get Twin* |
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| Device and module twin reads | Twin reads from the device or module and from the solution back end are charged as messages in 4-KB chunks. For example, reading an 8-KB twin is charged as two messages. <br/><br/> [Get Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/devices/get-twin): *Get Twin* <br/> [Get Module Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/modules/get-twin): *Get Module Twin* <br/><br/> Read device and module twins from a device: <br/> **Endpoint**: `/devices/{id}/twin` ([MQTT](../iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#retrieve-device-twin-properties), AMQP only): *D2C Get Twin* <br/> **Endpoint**: `/devices/{deviceid}/modules/{moduleid}/twin` (MQTT, AMQP only): *Module D2C Get Twin* |
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| Device and module twin updates (tags and properties) | Twin updates from the device or module and from the solution back end are charged as messages in 4-KB chunks. For example, a 12-KB update to a twin is charged as three messages. <br/><br/> [Update Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/devices/update-twin): *Update Twin* <br/> [Update Module Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/modules/update-twin): *Update Module Twin* <br/> [Replace Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/devices/replace-twin): *Replace Twin* <br/> [Replace Module Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/modules/replace-twin): *Replace Module Twin* <br/><br/> Update device or module twin reported properties from a device: <br/> **Endpoint**: `/twin/PATCH/properties/reported/` ([MQTT](../iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#update-device-twins-reported-properties), AMQP only): *D2 Patch ReportedProperties* or *Module D2 Patch ReportedProperties* <br/><br/> Receive desired properties update notifications on a device: <br/> **Endpoint**: `/twin/PATCH/properties/desired/` ([MQTT](../iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#receive-desired-properties-update-notifications), AMQP only): *D2C Notify DesiredProperties* or *Module D2C Notify DesiredProperties* |
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| Device and module twin queries | Queries against **devices** or **devices.modules** are charged as messages depending on the result size in 4-KB chunks. Queries against **jobs** aren't charged. <br/><br/> [Get Twins](/rest/api/iothub/service/query/get-twins) (query against **devices** or **devices.modules** collections): *Query Devices* |
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| Digital twin reads | Digital twin reads from the solution back end are charged as messages in 4-KB chunks. For example, reading an 8-KB twin is charged as two messages. <br/><br/> [Get Digital Twin](/rest/api/iothub/service/digital-twin/get-digital-twin): *Get Digital Twin* |

articles/iot/concepts-using-c-sdk-and-embedded-c-sdk.md

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## Scenario 2 – Embedded C SDK (for Bare Metal scenarios and micro-controllers)
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In 2020, Microsoft released the [Azure SDK for Embedded C](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-c/tree/main/sdk/docs/iot) (also known as the Embedded C SDK). This SDK was built based on customers feedback and a growing need to support constrained [micro-controller devices](./concepts-iot-device-types.md#microcontrollers-vs-microprocessors). Typically, constrained micro-controllers have reduced memory and processing power.
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In 2020, Microsoft released the [Azure SDK for Embedded C](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-c/tree/main/sdk/docs/iot) (also known as the Embedded C SDK). This SDK was built based on customers feedback and a growing need to support constrained [micro-controller devices](./concepts-iot-device-types.md#microcontrollers-and-microprocessors). Typically, constrained micro-controllers have reduced memory and processing power.
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The Embedded C SDK has the following key characteristics:
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- No dynamic memory allocation. Customers must allocate data structures where they desire such as in global memory, a heap, or a stack. Then they must pass the address of the allocated structure into SDK functions to initialize and perform various operations.
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- MQTT only. MQTT-only usage is ideal for constrained devices because it's an efficient, lightweight network protocol. Currently only MQTT v3.1.1 is supported.
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- Bring your own network stack. The Embedded C SDK performs no I/O operations. This approach allows customers to select the MQTT, TLS and Socket clients that have the best fit to their target platform.
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- Similar [feature set](./concepts-iot-device-types.md#microcontrollers-vs-microprocessors) as the C SDK. The Embedded C SDK provides similar features as the Azure IoT C SDK, with the following exceptions that the Embedded C SDK doesn't provide:
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- Similar [feature set](./concepts-iot-device-types.md#microcontrollers-and-microprocessors) as the C SDK. The Embedded C SDK provides similar features as the Azure IoT C SDK, with the following exceptions that the Embedded C SDK doesn't provide:
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- Upload to blob
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- The ability to run as an IoT Edge module
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- AMQP-based features like content message batching and device multiplexing

articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md

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`SharedAccessSignature sig={signature-string}&se={expiry}&sr={URL-encoded-resourceURI}`
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> [!NOTE]
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> If you use X.509 certificate authentication, SAS token passwords aren't required. For more information, see [Tutorial: Create and upload certificates for testing](../iot-hub/tutorial-x509-test-certs.md) and follow code instructions in the [TLS configuration section](#tlsssl-configuration).
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> If you use X.509 certificate authentication, SAS token passwords aren't required. For more information, see [Tutorial: Create and upload certificates for testing](../iot-hub/tutorial-x509-test-certs.md) and follow code instructions in the [TLS configuration section](#tls-configuration).
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For more information about how to generate SAS tokens, see the [Use SAS tokens as a device](../iot-hub/iot-hub-dev-guide-sas.md#use-sas-tokens-as-a-device) section of [Control access to IoT Hub using Shared Access Signatures](../iot-hub/iot-hub-dev-guide-sas.md).
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articles/iot/set-up-environment.md

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description: Tutorial - Create an IoT Hub and Device Provisioning Service instance to use with the IoT Plug and Play quickstarts and tutorials.
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author: dominicbetts
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ms.author: dobett
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ms.date: 1/23/2024
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ms.date: 03/13/2025
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ms.topic: tutorial
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ms.service: azure-iot
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ms.custom: mode-other, devx-track-azurecli
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# Tutorial: Set up your environment for the IoT Plug and Play quickstarts and tutorials
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Before you can complete any of the IoT Plug and Play quickstarts and tutorials, you need to configure an IoT hub and the Device Provisioning Service (DPS) in your Azure subscription. You'll also need local copies of the model files used by the sample applications and the Azure IoT explorer tool.
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Before you can complete any of the IoT Plug and Play quickstarts and tutorials, you need to configure an IoT hub and the Device Provisioning Service (DPS) in your Azure subscription. You also need local copies of the model files used by the sample applications and the Azure IoT explorer tool.
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[!INCLUDE [iot-authentication-service-connection-string](../../includes/iot-authentication-service-connection-string.md)]
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The quickstarts and tutorials use the **Azure IoT explorer** tool. Go to [Azure IoT explorer releases](https://github.com/Azure/azure-iot-explorer/releases) and expand the list of assets for the most recent release. Download and install the most recent version of the application for your operating system.
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The first time you run the tool, you're prompted for the IoT hub connection string. Use the connection string you made a note of previously.
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The first time you run the tool, you're prompted to choose an authentication method to connect to your IoT hub. You should use Microsoft Entra if possible. If you can't sign in with Microsoft Entra, use the IoT hub connection string you made a note of previously.
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Configure the tool to use the model files you downloaded previously. From the home page in the tool, select **IoT Plug and Play Settings**, then **+ Add > Local folder**. Select the *models* folder you created previously. Then select **Save** to save the settings.
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includes/quickstart-control-device-dotnet.md

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* Clone or download the [Azure IoT C# SDK](https://github.com/Azure/azure-iot-sdk-csharp) from GitHub.
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* Make sure that port 8883 is open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connecting-to-iot-hub).
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* Make sure that port 8883 is open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connect-to-iot-hub).
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[!INCLUDE [azure-cli-prepare-your-environment.md](~/reusable-content/azure-cli/azure-cli-prepare-your-environment-no-header.md)]
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includes/quickstart-control-device-java.md

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* Clone or download the [Azure IoT Java samples](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-iot-samples-java/) from GitHub.
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* Make sure that port 8883 open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connecting-to-iot-hub).
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* Make sure that port 8883 open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connect-to-iot-hub).
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[!INCLUDE [azure-cli-prepare-your-environment.md](~/reusable-content/azure-cli/azure-cli-prepare-your-environment-no-header.md)]
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includes/quickstart-control-device-node.md

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* Clone or download the [Azure IoT Node.js samples](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-iot-samples-node/) from GitHub.
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* Make sure that port 8883 is open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connecting-to-iot-hub).
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* Make sure that port 8883 is open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connect-to-iot-hub).
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[!INCLUDE [azure-cli-prepare-your-environment.md](~/reusable-content/azure-cli/azure-cli-prepare-your-environment-no-header.md)]
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includes/quickstart-control-device-python.md

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* Clone or download the [Azure IoT Python samples](https://github.com/Azure-Samples/azure-iot-samples-python/) from github.
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* Make sure port 8883 is open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connecting-to-iot-hub).
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* Make sure port 8883 is open in your firewall. The device sample in this quickstart uses MQTT protocol, which communicates over port 8883. This port may be blocked in some corporate and educational network environments. For more information and ways to work around this issue, see [Connecting to IoT Hub (MQTT)](../articles/iot/iot-mqtt-connect-to-iot-hub.md#connect-to-iot-hub).
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[!INCLUDE [azure-cli-prepare-your-environment.md](~/reusable-content/azure-cli/azure-cli-prepare-your-environment-no-header.md)]
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