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articles/virtual-machines/linux/using-cloud-init.md

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This article explains the support that exists for [cloud-init](https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io) to configure a virtual machine (VM) or virtual machine scale sets at provisioning time in Azure. These cloud-init configurations are run on first boot once the resources have been provisioned by Azure.
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VM Provisioning is the process where the Azure will pass down your VM Create parameter values, such as hostname, username, password etc., and make them available to the VM as it boots up. A 'provisioning agent' will consume those values, configure the VM, and report back when completed.
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VM Provisioning is the process where the Azure will pass down your VM Create parameter values, such as hostname, username, and password, and make them available to the VM as it boots up. A 'provisioning agent' will consume those values, configure the VM, and report back when completed.
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Azure supports two provisioning agents [cloud-init](https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io), and the [Azure Linux Agent (WALA)](../extensions/agent-linux.md).
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cloud-init also works across distributions. For example, you don't use **apt-get install** or **yum install** to install a package. Instead you can define a list of packages to install. cloud-init automatically uses the native package management tool for the distro you select.
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We are actively working with our endorsed Linux distro partners in order to have cloud-init enabled images available in the Azure Marketplace.
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We're actively working with our endorsed Linux distro partners in order to have cloud-init enabled images available in the Azure Marketplace.
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These images will make your cloud-init deployments and configurations work seamlessly with VMs and virtual machine scale sets. Initially we collaborate with the endorsed Linux distro partners and upstream to ensure cloud-init functions with the OS on Azure, then the packages are updated and made publicly available in the distro package repositories.
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There are two stages to making cloud-init available to the endorsed Linux distro OS's on Azure, package support, and then image support:
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* 'cloud-init package support on Azure' documents which cloud-init packages onwards are supported or in preview, so you can use these packages with the OS in a custom image.
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* 'cloud-init package support on Azure' documents, which cloud-init packages onwards are supported or in preview, so you can use these packages with the OS in a custom image.
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* 'image cloud-init ready' documents if the image is already configured to use cloud-init.
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|RedHat 7 |RHEL |7.7, 7.8, 7_9 |latest |yes | yes |
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|RedHat 8 |RHEL |8.1, 8.2, 8_3, 8_4 |latest |yes | yes |
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* All other RedHat SKUs starting from RHEL 7 (version 7.7) and RHEL 8 (version 8.1) including both Gen1 and Gen2 images are provisioned using cloud-init. RHEL 6 images do not support cloud-init.
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* All other RedHat SKUs starting from RHEL 7 (version 7.7) and RHEL 8 (version 8.1) including both Gen1 and Gen2 images are provisioned using cloud-init. RHEL 6 images don't support cloud-init.
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### CentOS
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|OpenLogic 7 |CentOS |7.7, 7.8, 7.9 |latest |yes | yes |
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|OpenLogic 8 |CentOS |8.1, 8.2, 8.3 |latest |yes | yes |
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* All other CentOS SKUs starting from CentOS 7 (version 7.7) and CentOS 8 (version 8.1) including both Gen1 and Gen2 images are provisioned using cloud-init. CentOS 6.10, 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 images do not support cloud-init.
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* All other CentOS SKUs starting from CentOS 7 (version 7.7) and CentOS 8 (version 8.1) including both Gen1 and Gen2 images are provisioned using cloud-init. CentOS 6.10, 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6 images don't support cloud-init.
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> [!NOTE]
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> OpenLogic is now Rogue Wave Software
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cloud-init cannot process Azure extensions, so WALA is still required in the image to process extensions, but will need to have its provisioning code disabled, for endorsed Linux distros images that are being converted to provision by cloud-init, they will have WALA installed, and setup correctly.
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When creating a VM, if you do not include the Azure CLI `--custom-data` switch at provisioning time, cloud-init or WALA takes the minimal VM provisioning parameters required to provision the VM and complete the deployment with the defaults. If you reference the cloud-init configuration with the `--custom-data` switch, whatever is contained in your custom data will be available to cloud-init when the VM boots.
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When creating a VM, if you don't include the Azure CLI `--custom-data` switch at provisioning time, cloud-init or WALA takes the minimal VM provisioning parameters required to provision the VM and complete the deployment with the defaults. If you reference the cloud-init configuration with the `--custom-data` switch, whatever is contained in your custom data will be available to cloud-init when the VM boots.
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cloud-init configurations applied to VMs do not have time constraints and will not cause a deployment to fail by timing out. This is not true for WALA, if you change the WALA defaults to process custom-data, it cannot exceed the total VM provisioning time allowance of 40mins, if so, the VM Create will fail.
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cloud-init configurations applied to VMs do not have time constraints and will not cause a deployment to fail by timing out. This isn't true for WALA, if you change the WALA defaults to process custom-data, it can't exceed the total VM provisioning time allowance of 40 minutes, if so, the VM Create will fail.
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## cloud-init VM provisioning without a UDF driver
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Beginning with cloud-init 21.2, you can use cloud-init to provision a VM in Azure without a UDF driver. If a UDF driver isn't available in the image, cloud-init uses the metadata that's available in the Azure Instance Metadata Service to provision the VM. Note that this option works only for SSH key and [user data](../user-data.md). To pass in a password or custom data to a VM during provisioning, you must use a UDF driver.
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## Telemetry
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cloud-init collects usage data and sends it to Microsoft to help improve our products and services. Telemetry is only collected during the provisioning process (first boot of the VM). The data collected helps us investigate provisioning failures and monitor performance and reliability. Data collected does not include any personally identifiable information. Read our [privacy statement](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839) to learn more. Some examples of telemetry being collected are (this is not an exhaustive list): OS-related information (cloud-init version, distro version, kernel version), performance metrics of essential VM provisioning actions (time to obtain DHCP lease, time to retrieve metadata necessary to configure the VM, etc.), cloud-init log, and dmesg log.
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Telemetry collection is currently enabled for a majority of our marketplace images that use cloud-init. It is enabled by specifying KVP telemetry reporter for cloud-init. In a majority of Azure Marketplace images, this configuration can be found in the file /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/10-azure-kvp.cfg. Removing this file during image preparation will disable telemetry collection for any VM created from this image.
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Telemetry collection is currently enabled for most of our marketplace images that use cloud-init. It is enabled by specifying KVP telemetry reporter for cloud-init. In most Azure Marketplace images, this configuration can be found in the file /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/10-azure-kvp.cfg. Removing this file during image preparation will disable telemetry collection for any VM created from this image.
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Sample content of 10-azure-kvp.cfg
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```

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