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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/cost-management-billing/finops/capabilities-ingestion-normalization.md
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## Definition
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_Data ingestion and normalization refers to the process of collecting, transforming, and organizing data from various sources into a single, easily accessible repository._
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**Data ingestion and normalization refers to the process of collecting, transforming, and organizing data from various sources into a single, easily accessible repository.**
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Gather cost, utilization, performance, and other business data from cloud providers, vendors, and on-premises systems. Gathering the data can include:
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- Determine the level of granularity required and how often the data needs to be refreshed. Daily cost data can be a challenge to manage for a large account. Consider monthly aggregates to reduce costs and increase query performance and reliability if that meets your reporting needs.
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- Consider using a third-party FinOps platform.
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- Review the available [third-party solutions in the Azure Marketplace](https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_Azure_Marketplace/MarketplaceOffersBlade/searchQuery/cost).
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- If you decide to build your own solution, consider starting with [FinOps hubs](https://aka.ms/finops/hubs), part of the open source FinOps toolkit provided by Microsoft.
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- FinOps hubs will accelerate your development and help you focus on building the features you need rather than infrastructure.
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- Select the [cost details solution](../automate/usage-details-best-practices.md) that is right for you. We recommend scheduled exports, which push cost data to a storage account on a daily or monthly basis.
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- If you use daily exports, notice that data is pushed into a new file each day. Ensure that you only select the latest day when reporting on costs.
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- Determine if you need a data integration or workflow technology to process data.
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- Normalize data to a standard schema to support aligning and blending data from multiple sources.
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- For cost data, we recommend using the [FinOps Open Cost & Usage Specification (FOCUS) schema](https://finops.org/focus).
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-[FinOps hubs](https://aka.ms/finops/hubs) includes a Power BI report that normalizes data to the FOCUS schema, which can be a good starting point.
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- For an example of the FOCUS schema with Azure data, see the [FOCUS sample report](https://github.com/flanakin/cost-management-powerbi#FOCUS).
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- Complement cloud cost data with organizational hierarchies and budgets.
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- Consider labeling or tagging requirements to map cloud costs to organizational hierarchies.
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- Enrich cloud resource and solution data with internal CMDB or ITAM data.
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## Next steps
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- Read about [Cost allocation](capabilities-allocation.md) to learn how to allocate costs to business units and applications.
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- Read about [Data analysis and showback](capabilities-analysis-showback.md) to learn how to analyze and report on costs.
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- Read about [Data analysis and showback](capabilities-analysis-showback.md) to learn how to analyze and report on costs.
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