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articles/vpn-gateway/packet-capture.md

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There are some commonly available packet capture tools. Getting relevant packet captures with these tools can be cumbersome, especially in high-volume traffic scenarios. The filtering capabilities provided by Azure VPN Gateway packet capture are a major differentiator. You can use VPN Gateway packet capture together with commonly available packet capture tools.
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## VPN Gateway packet capture filtering capabilities
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## About packet capture for VPN Gateway
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You can run VPN Gateway packet capture on the gateway or on a specific connection, depending on your needs. You can also run packet capture on multiple tunnels at the same time. You can capture one-way or bi-directional traffic, IKE and ESP traffic, and inner packets along with filtering on a VPN gateway.
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You can run VPN Gateway packet capture on the gateway, or on a specific connection, depending on your needs. You can also run packet capture on multiple tunnels at the same time. You can capture one-way or bi-directional traffic, IKE and ESP traffic, and inner packets along with filtering on a VPN gateway.
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It's helpful to use a five-tuple filter (source subnet, destination subnet, source port, destination port, protocol) and TCP flags (SYN, ACK, FIN, URG, PSH, RST) when you're isolating problems in high-volume traffic.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Set the **CaptureSingleDirectionTrafficOnly** option to **false** if you want to capture both inner and outer packets.
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### Example JSON
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**Example JSON**
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```JSON-interactive
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{
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]
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}
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```
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### JSON schema
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**JSON schema**
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```JSON-interactive
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{
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"type": "object",
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}
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```
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## Key considerations
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### Key considerations
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- Running packet capture can affect performance. Remember to stop the packet capture when you don't need it.
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- Suggested minimum packet capture duration is 600 seconds. Because of sync issues among multiple components on the path, shorter packet captures might not provide complete data.
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- Packet capture data files are generated in PCAP format. Use Wireshark or other commonly available applications to open PCAP files.
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- Packet captures aren't supported on policy-based gateways.
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- The maximum filesize of packet capture data files is 500MB.
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- The maximum filesize of packet capture data files is 500 MB.
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- If the `SASurl` parameter isn't configured correctly, the trace might fail with Storage errors. For examples of how to correctly generate an `SASurl` parameter, see [Stop-AzVirtualNetworkGatewayPacketCapture](/powershell/module/az.network/stop-azvirtualnetworkgatewaypacketcapture).
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- If you're configuring a User Delegated SAS, make sure the user account is granted proper RBAC permissions on the storage account such as Storage Blob Data Owner.
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## Start packet capture - portal
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## Packet capture - portal
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This section helps you start and stop a packet capture using the Azure portal.
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### Start packet capture - portal
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You can set up packet capture in the Azure portal.
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1. On the **Start Packet Capture** page, make any necessary adjustments. Don't select the "Capture Single Direction Traffic Only" option if you want to capture both inner and outer packets.
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1. Once you've configured the settings, click **Start Packet Capture**.
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## Stop packet capture - portal
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### Stop packet capture - portal
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To complete a packet capture, you need to provide a valid SAS (or Shared Access Signature) URL with read/write access. When a packet capture is stopped, the output of the packet capture is written to the container that is referenced by the SAS URL.
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1. To get the SAS URL, go to the storage account.
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1. Go to the container you want to use and right-click to show the dropdown list. Select **Generate SAS** to open the Generate SAS page.
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1. On the Generate SAS page, configure your settings. Make sure that you have granted read and write access.
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1. Click **Generate SAS token and URL**.
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1. The SAS token and SAS URL will appear below the button immediately. Copy the Blob SAS URL.
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1. The SAS token and SAS URL is generated and appears below the button immediately. Copy the Blob SAS URL.
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:::image type="content" source="./media/packet-capture/generate-sas.png" alt-text="Screenshot of generate SAS token." lightbox="./media/packet-capture/generate-sas.png":::
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The following examples show PowerShell commands that start and stop packet captures. For more information on parameter options, see [Start-AzVirtualnetworkGatewayPacketCapture](/powershell/module/az.network/start-azvirtualnetworkgatewaypacketcapture).
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### Prerequisites
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**Prerequisites**
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* Packet capture data needs to be logged into a storage account on your subscription. See [create storage account](../storage/common/storage-account-create.md).
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