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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/postgresql/concepts-hyperscale-extensions.md
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> |[pgrowlocks](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/pgrowlocks.html)| Provides a means for showing row-level locking information. |
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> |[pgstattuple](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/pgstattuple.html)| Provides a means for showing tuple-level statistics. |
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> |[postgres\_fdw](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/postgres-fdw.html)| Foreign-data wrapper used to access data stored in external PostgreSQL servers. See the "dblink and postgres_fdw" section for information about this extension.|
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> |[sslinfo](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sslinfo.html)| Information about SSL certificates. |
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> |[sslinfo](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sslinfo.html)| Information about TLS/SSL certificates. |
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> |[tsm\_system\_rows](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tsm-system-rows.html)| TABLESAMPLE method, which accepts number of rows as a limit. |
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> |[tsm\_system\_time](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/tsm-system-time.html)| TABLESAMPLE method, which accepts time in milliseconds as a limit. |
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> |[hypopg](https://hypopg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)| Provides a means of creating hypothetical indexes that don't cost CPU or disk. |
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/postgresql/concepts-ssl-connection-security.md
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---
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title: SSL - Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server
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description: Instructions and information on how to configure SSL connectivity for Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server.
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title: TLS - Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server
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description: Instructions and information on how to configure TLS connectivity for Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server.
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author: rachel-msft
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ms.author: raagyema
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ms.service: postgresql
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ms.topic: conceptual
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ms.date: 03/10/2020
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---
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# Configure SSL connectivity in Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server
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# Configure TLS connectivity in Azure Database for PostgreSQL - Single Server
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Azure Database for PostgreSQL prefers connecting your client applications to the PostgreSQL service using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing SSL connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against "man-in-the-middle" attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application.
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Azure Database for PostgreSQL prefers connecting your client applications to the PostgreSQL service using Transport Layer Security (TLS), previously known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Enforcing TLS connections between your database server and your client applications helps protect against "man-in-the-middle" attacks by encrypting the data stream between the server and your application.
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By default, the PostgreSQL database service is configured to require SSL connection. You can choose to disable requiring SSL if your client application does not support SSL connectivity.
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By default, the PostgreSQL database service is configured to require TLS connection. You can choose to disable requiring TLS if your client application does not support TLS connectivity.
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## Enforcing SSL connections
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## Enforcing TLS connections
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For all Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers provisioned through the Azure portal and CLI, enforcement of SSL connections is enabled by default.
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For all Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers provisioned through the Azure portal and CLI, enforcement of TLS connections is enabled by default.
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Likewise, connection strings that are pre-defined in the "Connection Strings" settings under your server in the Azure portal include the required parameters for common languages to connect to your database server using SSL. The SSL parameter varies based on the connector, for example "ssl=true" or "sslmode=require" or "sslmode=required" and other variations.
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Likewise, connection strings that are pre-defined in the "Connection Strings" settings under your server in the Azure portal include the required parameters for common languages to connect to your database server using TLS. The TLS parameter varies based on the connector, for example "ssl=true" or "sslmode=require" or "sslmode=required" and other variations.
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## Configure Enforcement of SSL
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## Configure Enforcement of TLS
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You can optionally disable enforcing SSL connectivity. Microsoft Azure recommends to always enable **Enforce SSL connection** setting for enhanced security.
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You can optionally disable enforcing TLS connectivity. Microsoft Azure recommends to always enable **Enforce SSL connection** setting for enhanced security.
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### Using the Azure portal
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Visit your Azure Database for PostgreSQL server and click **Connection security**. Use the toggle button to enable or disable the **Enforce SSL connection** setting. Then, click **Save**.
You can confirm the setting by viewing the **Overview** page to see the **SSL enforce status** indicator.
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az postgres server update --resource-group myresourcegroup --name mydemoserver --ssl-enforcement Enabled
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```
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## Ensure your application or framework supports SSL connections
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## Ensure your application or framework supports TLS connections
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Some application frameworks that use PostgreSQL for their database services do not enable SSL by default during installation. If your PostgreSQL server enforces SSL connections but the application is not configured for SSL, the application may fail to connect to your database server. Consult your application's documentation to learn how to enable SSL connections.
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Some application frameworks that use PostgreSQL for their database services do not enable TLS by default during installation. If your PostgreSQL server enforces TLS connections but the application is not configured for TLS, the application may fail to connect to your database server. Consult your application's documentation to learn how to enable TLS connections.
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## Applications that require certificate verification for SSL connectivity
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## Applications that require certificate verification for TLS connectivity
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In some cases, applications require a local certificate file generated from a trusted Certificate Authority (CA) certificate file (.cer) to connect securely. The certificate to connect to an Azure Database for PostgreSQL server is located at https://www.digicert.com/CACerts/BaltimoreCyberTrustRoot.crt.pem. Download the certificate file and save it to your preferred location.
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### Connect using psql
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The following example shows how to connect to your PostgreSQL server using the psql command-line utility. Use the `sslmode=verify-full` connection string setting to enforce SSL certificate verification. Pass the local certificate file path to the `sslrootcert` parameter.
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The following example shows how to connect to your PostgreSQL server using the psql command-line utility. Use the `sslmode=verify-full` connection string setting to enforce TLS/SSL certificate verification. Pass the local certificate file path to the `sslrootcert` parameter.
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The following command is an example of the psql connection string:
Including the --no-owner parameter causes all objects created during the restore to be owned by the user specified with --username. For more information, see the official PostgreSQL documentation on [pg_restore](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/app-pgrestore.html).
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> [!NOTE]
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> If your PostgreSQL server requires SSL connections (on by default in Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers), set an environment variable `PGSSLMODE=require` so that the pg_restore tool connects with SSL. Without SSL, the error may read `FATAL: SSL connection is required. Please specify SSL options and retry.`
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> If your PostgreSQL server requires TLS/SSL connections (on by default in Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers), set an environment variable `PGSSLMODE=require` so that the pg_restore tool connects with TLS. Without TLS, the error may read `FATAL: SSL connection is required. Please specify SSL options and retry.`
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>
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> In the Windows command line, run the command `SET PGSSLMODE=require` before running the pg_restore command. In Linux or Bash run the command `export PGSSLMODE=require` before running the pg_restore command.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/postgresql/quickstart-create-server-database-azure-cli.md
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backup-retention | 7 | How long a backup should be retained. Unit is days. Range is 7-35.
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geo-redundant-backup | Disabled | Whether geo-redundant backups should be enabled for this server or not. Allowed values: Enabled, Disabled.
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location | westus | The Azure location for the server.
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ssl-enforcement | Enabled | Whether ssl should be enabled or not for this server. Allowed values: Enabled, Disabled.
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ssl-enforcement | Enabled | Whether TLS/SSL should be enabled or not for this server. Allowed values: Enabled, Disabled.
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storage-size | 51200 | The storage capacity of the server (unit is megabytes). Valid storage-size is minimum 5120MB and increases in 1024MB increments. See the [pricing tiers](./concepts-pricing-tiers.md) document for more information about storage size limits.
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version | 9.6 | The PostgreSQL major version.
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admin-user | myadmin | The username for the administrator login. It cannot be **azure_superuser**, **admin**, **administrator**, **root**, **guest**, or **public**.
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Username | Server admin login name | The server admin login username that you supplied when you created the Azure Database for PostgreSQL server earlier. If you don't remember the username, follow the steps in the previous section to get the connection information. The format is *username\@servername*.
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Password | Your admin password | The password you chose when you created the server earlier in this Quickstart.
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Role | Leave blank | There's no need to provide a role name at this point. Leave the field blank.
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SSL mode | *Require* | You can set the SSL mode in pgAdmin's SSL tab. By default, all Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers are created with SSL enforcing turned on. To turn off SSL enforcing, see [SSL Enforcing](./concepts-ssl-connection-security.md).
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SSL mode | *Require* | You can set the TLS/SSL mode in pgAdmin's SSL tab. By default, all Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers are created with TLS enforcing turned on. To turn off TLS enforcing, see [Configure Enforcement of TLS](./concepts-ssl-connection-security.md#configure-enforcement-of-tls).
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/postgresql/quickstart-create-server-database-portal.md
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Username | Server admin login name | The server admin login username that you supplied when you created the Azure Database forPostgreSQL server earlier. If you don't remember the username, follow the stepsin the previous section to get the connection information. The format is *username\@servername*.
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Password | Your admin password | The password you chose when you created the server earlier in this Quickstart.
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Role | Leave blank | There's no need to provide a role name at this point. Leave the field blank.
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SSL mode | *Require* | You can set the SSL mode in pgAdmin's SSL tab. By default, all Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers are created with SSL enforcing turned on. To turn off SSL enforcing, see [SSL Enforcing](./concepts-ssl-connection-security.md).
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SSL mode | *Require* | You can set the TLS/SSL mode in pgAdmin's SSL tab. By default, all Azure Database for PostgreSQL servers are created with TLS enforcing turned on. To turn off TLS enforcing, see [Configure Enforcement of TLS](./concepts-ssl-connection-security.md#configure-enforcement-of-tls).
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