edit pass: linux-article-batch1

Author: paulth1

articles/virtual-machines/linux/create-upload-centos.md

@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ Learn to create and upload an Azure virtual hard disk (VHD) that contains a Cent
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative) Linux OS to a VHD. Multiple tools exist to create .vhd files. An example is a virtualization solution such as Hyper-V. For instructions, see [Install the Hyper-V role and configure a VM](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh846766(v=ws.11)).
+This article assumes that you've already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative) Linux OS to a VHD. Multiple tools exist to create .vhd files. An example is a virtualization solution such as Hyper-V. For instructions, see [Install the Hyper-V role and configure a VM](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh846766(v=ws.11)).
 
 ### CentOS installation notes
 
 * For more tips on preparing Linux for Azure, see [General Linux installation notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes).
 * The VHDX format isn't supported in Azure, only *fixed VHD*. You can convert the disk to VHD format by using Hyper-V Manager or the `convert-vhd` cmdlet. If you're using VirtualBox, you select **Fixed size** as opposed to the default that's dynamically allocated when you create the disk.
 * The vfat kernel module must be enabled in the kernel.
-* When you install the Linux system, we recommend that you use standard partitions rather than Logical Volume Manager (LVM), which is often the default for many installations. Using partitions avoids LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another identical VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) may also be used on data disks.
-* Kernel support for mounting user-defined functions (UDF) file systems is necessary. At first boot on Azure, the provisioning configuration is passed to the Linux VM by using UDF-formatted media that's attached to the guest. The Azure Linux agent or cloud-init must mount the UDF file system to read its configuration and provision the VM.
+* When you install the Linux system, we recommend that you use standard partitions rather than Logical Volume Manager (LVM), which is often the default for many installations. Using partitions avoids LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another identical VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) can also be used on data disks.
+* Kernel support for mounting user-defined functions (UDF) file systems is necessary. At first boot on Azure, the provisioning configuration is passed to the Linux VM by using UDF-formatted media that's attached to the guest. The Azure Linux agent or `cloud-init` must mount the UDF file system to read its configuration and provision the VM.
 * Linux kernel versions below 2.6.37 don't support NUMA on Hyper-V with larger VM sizes. This issue primarily affects older distributions using the upstream Centos 2.6.32 kernel and was fixed in Centos 6.6 (kernel-2.6.32-504). Systems running custom kernels older than 2.6.37 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)-based kernels older than 2.6.32-504 must set the boot parameter `numa=off` on the kernel command line in *grub.conf*. For more information, see Red Hat [KB 436883](https://access.redhat.com/solutions/436883).
 * Don't configure a swap partition on the OS disk.
 * All VHDs on Azure must have a virtual size aligned to 1 MB. When you convert from a raw disk to VHD, you must ensure that the raw disk size is a multiple of 1 MB before conversion. For more information, see [Linux installation notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes).
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
 
 1. Select **Connect** to open a console window for the VM.
 
-1. In CentOS 6, `NetworkManager` can interfere with the Azure Linux agent. Uninstall this package by running the following command:
+1. In CentOS 6, `NetworkManager` can interfere with the Azure Linux agent. Uninstall this package:
 
     ```bash
     sudo rpm -e --nodeps NetworkManager
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
     sudo rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
     ```
 
-1. Ensure the network service starts at boot time by running the following command:
+1. Ensure that the network service starts at boot time:
 
     ```bash
     sudo chkconfig network on
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
     http_caching=packages
     ```
 
-1. Run the following command to clear the current yum metadata and update the system with the latest packages:
+1. Clear the current yum metadata and update the system with the latest packages:
 
     ```bash
     sudo yum clean all
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
     sudo yum -y update
     ```
 
-    A reboot might be required after running this command.
+    A reboot might be required after you run this command.
 
 1. Optional: Install the drivers for the Linux Integration Services (LIS).
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
     rhgb quiet crashkernel=auto
     ```
 
-    Graphical and `quiet boot` isn't useful in a cloud environment where you want all the logs to be sent to the serial port. The `crashkernel` option can be left configured if you want. But this parameter reduces the amount of available memory in the VM by 128 MB or more, which might be a problem for smaller VM sizes.
+    Graphical and quiet boot aren't useful in a cloud environment where you want all the logs to be sent to the serial port. The `crashkernel` option can be left configured if you want. But this parameter reduces the amount of available memory in the VM by 128 MB or more, which might be a problem for smaller VM sizes.
 
     > [!IMPORTANT]
     > CentOS 6.5 and earlier must also set the kernel parameter `numa=off`. For more information, see Red Hat [KB 436883](https://access.redhat.com/solutions/436883).
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
 
 1. Don't create swap space on the OS disk.
 
-    The Azure Linux agent can automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that's attached to the VM after provisioning on Azure. The local resource disk is a *temporary* disk and might be emptied when the VM is deprovisioned. After you install the Azure Linux agent (see the previous step), modify the following parameters in `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
+    The Azure Linux agent can automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that's attached to the VM after the VM is provisioned on Azure. The local resource disk is a *temporary* disk and might be emptied when the VM is deprovisioned. After you install the Azure Linux agent (see the previous step), modify the following parameters in `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
 
     ```config
     ResourceDisk.Format=y
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
     ResourceDisk.SwapSizeMB=2048 ## NOTE: set this to whatever you need it to be.
     ```
 
-1. To deprovision the VM and prepare it for provisioning on Azure, run the following commands:
+1. Deprovision the VM and prepare it for provisioning on Azure:
 
     ```bash
     sudo waagent -force -deprovision+user
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ Preparing a CentOS 7 VM for Azure is similar to CentOS 6. Several significant di
    > [!NOTE]
    > The rest of this article assumes that you're using at least the `[openlogic]` repo, which is used to install the Azure Linux agent.
 
-1. Run the following command to clear the current yum metadata and install any updates:
+1. Clear the current yum metadata and install any updates:
 
     ```bash
     sudo yum clean all
@@ -351,9 +351,9 @@ Preparing a CentOS 7 VM for Azure is similar to CentOS 6. Several significant di
     rhgb quiet crashkernel=auto
     ```
 
-    Graphical and quiet boot isn't useful in a cloud environment where you want all the logs to be sent to the serial port. The `crashkernel` option can be left configured if you want. But this parameter reduces the amount of available memory in the VM by 128 MB or more, which might be a problem for smaller VM sizes.
+    Graphical and quiet boot aren't useful in a cloud environment where you want all the logs to be sent to the serial port. The `crashkernel` option can be left configured if you want. But this parameter reduces the amount of available memory in the VM by 128 MB or more, which might be a problem for smaller VM sizes.
 
-1. After you're finished editing `/etc/default/grub`, run the following command to rebuild the grub configuration:
+1. After you're finished editing `/etc/default/grub`, rebuild the grub configuration:
 
     ```bash
     sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
@@ -385,13 +385,13 @@ Preparing a CentOS 7 VM for Azure is similar to CentOS 6. Several significant di
     sudo systemctl enable waagent
     ```
 
-1. Install cloud-init to handle the provisioning:
+1. Install `cloud-init` to handle the provisioning:
 
     ```bash
     sudo yum install -y cloud-init cloud-utils-growpart gdisk hyperv-daemons
     ```
 
-    1. Configure `waagent` for cloud-init:
+    1. Configure `waagent` for `cloud-init`:
 
     ```bash
     sudo sed -i 's/Provisioning.Agent=auto/Provisioning.Agent=auto/g' /etc/waagent.conf
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Preparing a CentOS 7 VM for Azure is similar to CentOS 6. Several significant di
 
     1. Don't create swap space on the OS disk.
 
-       Previously, the Azure Linux agent was used to automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that's attached to the VM after the VM is provisioned on Azure. However, cloud-init now handles this step. You *must not* use the Linux agent to format the resource disk to create the swap file. Modify the following parameters in `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
+       Previously, the Azure Linux agent was used to automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that's attached to the VM after the VM is provisioned on Azure. However, `cloud-init` now handles this step. You *must not* use the Linux agent to format the resource disk to create the swap file. Modify the following parameters in `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
 
         ```bash
         sudo sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.Format=y/ResourceDisk.Format=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
@@ -445,8 +445,8 @@ Preparing a CentOS 7 VM for Azure is similar to CentOS 6. Several significant di
 
     1. If you want to mount, format, and create the swap file, you can either:
 
-       * Pass this command in as a cloud-init config every time you create a VM.
-       * Use a cloud-init directive baked into the image to do this step every time the VM is created:
+       * Pass this command in as a `cloud-init` configuration every time you create a VM.
+       * Use a `cloud-init` directive baked into the image to do this step every time the VM is created:
 
             ```bash
             sudo echo 'DefaultEnvironment="CLOUD_CFG=/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/00-azure-swap.cfg"' >> /etc/systemd/system.conf

articles/virtual-machines/linux/debian-create-upload-vhd.md

@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ ms.reviewer: mattmcinnes
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
-This section assumes that you already installed a Debian Linux operating system from an .iso file downloaded from the [Debian website](https://www.debian.org/distrib/) to a virtual hard disk (VHD). Multiple tools exist to create .vhd files. Hyper-V is only one example. For instructions on using Hyper-V, see [Install the Hyper-V role and configure a virtual machine (VM)](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh846766(v=ws.11)).
+This section assumes that you've already installed a Debian Linux operating system from an .iso file downloaded from the [Debian website](https://www.debian.org/distrib/) to a virtual hard disk (VHD). Multiple tools exist to create .vhd files. Hyper-V is only one example. For instructions on using Hyper-V, see [Install the Hyper-V role and configure a virtual machine (VM)](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh846766(v=ws.11)).
 
 ## Installation notes
 
 * For more tips on preparing Linux for Azure, see [General Linux installation notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes).
 * The newer VHDX format isn't supported in Azure. You can convert the disk to VHD format by using Hyper-V Manager or the `convert-vhd` cmdlet.
-* When you install the Linux system, we recommend that you use standard partitions rather than Logical Volume Manager (LVM), which is often the default for many installations. Using partitions avoids LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) may also be used on data disks.
-* Don't configure a swap partition on the OS disk. The Azure Linux agent can be configured to create a swap file on the temporary resource disk. More information can be found in the following steps.
+* When you install the Linux system, we recommend that you use standard partitions rather than Logical Volume Manager (LVM), which is often the default for many installations. Using partitions avoids LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) can also be used on data disks.
+* Don't configure a swap partition on the OS disk. The Azure Linux agent can be configured to create a swap file on the temporary resource disk. More information is available in the following steps.
 * All VHDs on Azure must have a virtual size aligned to 1 MB. When you convert from a raw disk to VHD, you must ensure that the raw disk size is a multiple of 1 MB before conversion. For more information, see [Linux installation notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes).
 
 ## Prepare a Debian image for Azure
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ $ make image_[release]_azure_amd64
 
 This command outputs a handful of files in the current directory, most notably the `image_[release]_azure_amd64.raw` image file.
 
-To convert the raw image to VHD for Azure, use the following commands:
+Convert the raw image to VHD for Azure:
 
 ```
 rawdisk="image_[release]_azure_amd64.raw"