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articles/azure-vmware/migrate-sqlserver-standalone-cluster.md

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## Prerequisites
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- Review and record the storage and network configuration of every node in the cluster.
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- Backup the full database.
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- Backup the virtual machine running the Microsoft SQL Server instance.
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- Back up the full database.
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- Back up the virtual machine running the Microsoft SQL Server instance.
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- Remove all cluster node VMs from any Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) groups and rules.
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- Configure VMware HCX between your on-premises datacenter and the Azure VMware Solution private cloud that runs the migrated workloads. For more information about configuring VMware HCX, see [Azure VMware Solution documentation](install-vmware-hcx.md) .
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- Ensure that all the network segments in use by the Microsoft SQL Server are extended into your Azure VMware Solution private cloud.For verify this step in the procedure, see [Configure VMware HCX network extension](configure-hcx-network-extension.md).
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VMware HCX over VPN is supported in Azure VMware Solution for workload migration. However, due to the size of database workloads, HCX over VPN is not recommended for Microsoft SQL Server Failover Cluster Instance and Microsoft SQL Server Always-On migrations, especially for production workloads. ExpressRoute connectivity is recommended as more performant and reliable. For Microsoft SQL Server Standalone and non-production workloads HCX over VPN can be suitable, depending on the size of the database, to migrate.
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VMware HCX over VPN is supported in Azure VMware Solution for workload migration. However, due to the size of database workloads, HCX over VPN isn't recommended for Microsoft SQL Server Failover Cluster Instance and Microsoft SQL Server Always-On migrations, especially for production workloads. ExpressRoute connectivity is recommended as more performant and reliable. For Microsoft SQL Server Standalone and non-production workloads HCX over VPN can be suitable, depending on the size of the database, to migrate.
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Microsoft SQL Server (2019 and 2022) were tested with Windows Server (2019 and 2022) Data Center edition with the virtual machines deployed in the on-premises environment. Windows Server and SQL Server have been configured following best practices and recommendations from Microsoft and VMware.
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## Downtime considerations
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Predicting downtime during a migration will depend upon the size of the database to be migrated and the speed of the private network connection to Azure cloud. Migration of SQL Server standalone instance does not require database downtime since it will be done using HCX vMotion mechanism but it is not recommended to commit any critical data to the database and execute it during off-peak hours with an pre-approved change window.
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Predicting downtime during a migration will depend upon the size of the database to be migrated and the speed of the private network connection to Azure cloud. Migration of SQL Server standalone instance does not require database downtime since it will be done using HCX vMotion mechanism but it isn't recommended to commit any critical data to the database and execute it during off-peak hours with an pre-approved change window.
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The table below indicates the estimated downtime for each Microsoft SQL Server topology.
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| **Scenario** | **Downtime expected** | **Notes** |
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|:---|:-----|:-----|
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| **Standalone instance** | LOW | Migration will be done using vMotion, the DB will be available during migration time, but it is not recommended to commit any critical data during it. |
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| **Standalone instance** | LOW | Migration will be done using vMotion, the DB will be available during migration time, but it isn't recommended to commit any critical data during it. |
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| **Always-On Availability Group** | LOW | The primary replica will always be available during the migration of the first secondary replica and the secondary replica will become the primary after the initial failover to Azure. |
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| **Failover Cluster Instance** | HIGH | All nodes of the cluster will be shut down and migrated using VMware HCX Cold Migration. Downtime duration will depend upon database size and private network speed to Azure cloud. |
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