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articles/storage/blobs/authorize-access-azure-active-directory.md

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Azure Storage supports using Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) to authorize requests to blob data. With Azure AD, you can use Azure role-based access control (Azure RBAC) to grant permissions to a security principal, which may be a user, group, or application service principal. The security principal is authenticated by Azure AD to return an OAuth 2.0 token. The token can then be used to authorize a request against the Blob service.
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Authorizing requests against Azure Storage with Azure AD provides superior security and ease of use over Shared Key authorization. Microsoft recommends using Azure AD authorization with your blob applications when possible to assure access with minimum required privileges.
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Authorization with Azure AD provides superior security and ease of use over Shared Key authorization. Microsoft recommends using Azure AD authorization with your blob applications when possible to assure access with minimum required privileges.
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Authorization with Azure AD is available for all general-purpose and Blob storage accounts in all public regions and national clouds. Only storage accounts created with the Azure Resource Manager deployment model support Azure AD authorization.
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Blob storage additionally supports creating shared access signatures (SAS) that are signed with Azure AD credentials. For more information, see [Grant limited access to data with shared access signatures](../common/storage-sas-overview.md).
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## Overview of Azure AD for blobs
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When a security principal (a user, group, or application) attempts to access a blob resource, the request must be authorized, unless it is a blob available for anonymous access. With Azure AD, access to a resource is a two-step process:
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When a security principal (a user, group, or application) attempts to access a blob resource, the request must be authorized, unless it's a blob available for anonymous access. With Azure AD, access to a resource is a two-step process:
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1. First, the security principal's identity is authenticated and an OAuth 2.0 token is returned.
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An advantage of the Azure Identity client library is that it enables you to use the same code to acquire the access token whether your application is running in the development environment or in Azure. The Azure Identity client library returns an access token for a security principal. When your code is running in Azure, the security principal may be a managed identity for Azure resources, a service principal, or a user or group. In the development environment, the client library provides an access token for either a user or a service principal for testing purposes.
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The access token returned by the Azure Identity client library is encapsulated in a token credential. You can then use the token credential to get a service client object to use in performing authorized operations against Azure Storage. A simple way to get the access token and token credential is to use the **DefaultAzureCredential** class that is provided by the Azure Identity client library. An instance of this class attempts to get the token credential in a variety of common ways, and it works in both the development environment and in Azure.
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The access token returned by the Azure Identity client library is encapsulated in a token credential. You can then use the token credential to get a service client object to use in performing authorized operations against Azure Storage. A simple way to get the access token and token credential is to use the **DefaultAzureCredential** class that is provided by the Azure Identity client library. **DefaultAzureCredential** attempts to get the token credential by sequentially trying several different credential types. **DefaultAzureCredential** works in both the development environment and in Azure.
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[!INCLUDE [storage-auth-language-table](../../../includes/storage-auth-language-table.md)]
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Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) authorizes access rights to secured resources through Azure RBAC. Azure Storage defines a set of built-in RBAC roles that encompass common sets of permissions used to access blob data. You can also define custom roles for access to blob data. To learn more about assigning Azure roles for blob access, see [Assign an Azure role for access to blob data](../blobs/assign-azure-role-data-access.md).
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An Azure AD security principal may be a user, a group, an application service principal, or a [managed identity for Azure resources](../../active-directory/managed-identities-azure-resources/overview.md). The RBAC roles that are assigned to a security principal determine the permissions that the principal will have. To learn more about assigning Azure roles for blob access, see [Assign an Azure role for access to blob data](../blobs/assign-azure-role-data-access.md)
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An Azure AD security principal may be a user, a group, an application service principal, or a [managed identity for Azure resources](../../active-directory/managed-identities-azure-resources/overview.md). The RBAC roles that are assigned to a security principal determine the permissions that the principal has for the specified resource. To learn more about assigning Azure roles for blob access, see [Assign an Azure role for access to blob data](../blobs/assign-azure-role-data-access.md)
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In some cases you may need to enable fine-grained access to blob resources or to simplify permissions when you have a large number of role assignments for a storage resource. You can use Azure attribute-based access control (Azure ABAC) to configure conditions on role assignments. You can use conditions with a [custom role](../../role-based-access-control/custom-roles.md) or select built-in roles. For more information about configuring conditions for Azure storage resources with ABAC, see [Authorize access to blobs using Azure role assignment conditions (preview)](../blobs/storage-auth-abac.md). For details about supported conditions for blob data operations, see [Actions and attributes for Azure role assignment conditions in Azure Storage (preview)](../blobs/storage-auth-abac-attributes.md).
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You can scope access to Azure blob resources at the following levels, beginning with the narrowest scope:
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- **An individual container.** At this scope, a role assignment applies to all of the blobs in the container, as well as container properties and metadata.
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- **An individual container.** At this scope, a role assignment applies to all of the blobs in the container, and to the container properties and metadata.
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- **The storage account.** At this scope, a role assignment applies to all containers and their blobs.
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- **The resource group.** At this scope, a role assignment applies to all of the containers in all of the storage accounts in the resource group.
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- **The subscription.** At this scope, a role assignment applies to all of the containers in all of the storage accounts in all of the resource groups in the subscription.
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### Azure built-in roles for blobs
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Azure RBAC provides a number of built-in roles for authorizing access to blob data using Azure AD and OAuth. Some examples of roles that provide permissions to data resources in Azure Storage include:
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Azure RBAC provides several built-in roles for authorizing access to blob data using Azure AD and OAuth. Some examples of roles that provide permissions to data resources in Azure Storage include:
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- [Storage Blob Data Owner](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#storage-blob-data-owner): Use to set ownership and manage POSIX access control for Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2. For more information, see [Access control in Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2](../../storage/blobs/data-lake-storage-access-control.md).
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- [Storage Blob Data Contributor](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#storage-blob-data-contributor): Use to grant read/write/delete permissions to Blob storage resources.
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For more information about how built-in roles are defined for Azure Storage, see [Understand role definitions](../../role-based-access-control/role-definitions.md#control-and-data-actions). For information about creating Azure custom roles, see [Azure custom roles](../../role-based-access-control/custom-roles.md).
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Only roles explicitly defined for data access permit a security principal to access blob data. Built-in roles such as **Owner**, **Contributor**, and **Storage Account Contributor** permit a security principal to manage a storage account, but do not provide access to the blob data within that account via Azure AD. However, if a role includes **Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action**, then a user to whom that role is assigned can access data in the storage account via Shared Key authorization with the account access keys. For more information, see [Choose how to authorize access to blob data in the Azure portal](../../storage/blobs/authorize-data-operations-portal.md).
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Only roles explicitly defined for data access permit a security principal to access blob data. Built-in roles such as **Owner**, **Contributor**, and **Storage Account Contributor** permit a security principal to manage a storage account, but don't provide access to the blob data within that account via Azure AD. However, if a role includes **Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action**, then a user to whom that role is assigned can access data in the storage account via Shared Key authorization with the account access keys. For more information, see [Choose how to authorize access to blob data in the Azure portal](../../storage/blobs/authorize-data-operations-portal.md).
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For detailed information about Azure built-in roles for Azure Storage for both the data services and the management service, see the **Storage** section in [Azure built-in roles for Azure RBAC](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#storage). Additionally, for information about the different types of roles that provide permissions in Azure, see [Classic subscription administrator roles, Azure roles, and Azure AD roles](../../role-based-access-control/rbac-and-directory-admin-roles.md).
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The Azure portal can use either your Azure AD account or the account access keys to access blob data in an Azure storage account. Which authorization scheme the Azure portal uses depends on the Azure roles that are assigned to you.
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When you attempt to access blob data, the Azure portal first checks whether you have been assigned an Azure role with **Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listkeys/action**. If you have been assigned a role with this action, then the Azure portal uses the account key for accessing blob data via Shared Key authorization. If you have not been assigned a role with this action, then the Azure portal attempts to access data using your Azure AD account.
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When you attempt to access blob data, the Azure portal first checks whether you've been assigned an Azure role with **Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listkeys/action**. If you've been assigned a role with this action, then the Azure portal uses the account key for accessing blob data via Shared Key authorization. If you haven't been assigned a role with this action, then the Azure portal attempts to access data using your Azure AD account.
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To access blob data from the Azure portal using your Azure AD account, you need permissions to access blob data, and you also need permissions to navigate through the storage account resources in the Azure portal. The built-in roles provided by Azure Storage grant access to blob resources, but they don't grant permissions to storage account resources. For this reason, access to the portal also requires the assignment of an Azure Resource Manager role such as the [Reader](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#reader) role, scoped to the level of the storage account or higher. The **Reader** role grants the most restricted permissions, but another Azure Resource Manager role that grants access to storage account management resources is also acceptable. To learn more about how to assign permissions to users for data access in the Azure portal with an Azure AD account, see [Assign an Azure role for access to blob data](../blobs/assign-azure-role-data-access.md).
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articles/storage/blobs/data-lake-storage-acl-cli.md

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- One of the following security permissions:
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- A provisioned Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) [security principal](../../role-based-access-control/overview.md#security-principal) that has been assigned the [Storage Blob Data Owner](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#storage-blob-data-owner) role in the scope of the either the target container, parent resource group or subscription.
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- A provisioned Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) [security principal](../../role-based-access-control/overview.md#security-principal) that has been assigned the [Storage Blob Data Owner](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#storage-blob-data-owner) role, scoped to the target container, storage account, parent resource group, or subscription..
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- Owning user of the target container or directory to which you plan to apply ACL settings. To set ACLs recursively, this includes all child items in the target container or directory.
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articles/storage/blobs/data-lake-storage-acl-dotnet.md

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- One of the following security permissions:
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- A provisioned Azure Active Directory (AD) [security principal](../../role-based-access-control/overview.md#security-principal) that has been assigned the [Storage Blob Data Owner](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#storage-blob-data-owner) role in the scope of the either the target container, parent resource group or subscription.
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- A provisioned Azure Active Directory (AD) [security principal](../../role-based-access-control/overview.md#security-principal) that has been assigned the [Storage Blob Data Owner](../../role-based-access-control/built-in-roles.md#storage-blob-data-owner) role, scoped to the target container, storage account, parent resource group, or subscription.
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- Owning user of the target container or directory to which you plan to apply ACL settings. To set ACLs recursively, this includes all child items in the target container or directory.
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## Set ACLs
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When you *set* an ACL, you **replace** the entire ACL including all of it's entries. If you want to change the permission level of a security principal or add a new security principal to the ACL without affecting other existing entries, you should *update* the ACL instead. To update an ACL instead of replace it, see the [Update ACLs](#update-acls) section of this article.
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When you *set* an ACL, you **replace** the entire ACL including all of its entries. If you want to change the permission level of a security principal or add a new security principal to the ACL without affecting other existing entries, you should *update* the ACL instead. To update an ACL instead of replace it, see the [Update ACLs](#update-acls) section of this article.
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If you choose to *set* the ACL, you must add an entry for the owning user, an entry for the owning group, and an entry for all other users. To learn more about the owning user, the owning group, and all other users, see [Users and identities](data-lake-storage-access-control.md#users-and-identities).
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If you want to set a **default** ACL entry, then you can set the [PathAccessControlItem.DefaultScope](/dotnet/api/azure.storage.files.datalake.models.pathaccesscontrolitem.defaultscope#Azure_Storage_Files_DataLake_Models_PathAccessControlItem_DefaultScope) property of the [PathAccessControlItem](/dotnet/api/azure.storage.files.datalake.models.pathaccesscontrolitem) to **true**.
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This example sets the ACL of a directory named `my-parent-directory`. This method accepts a boolean parameter named `isDefaultScope` that specifies whether to set the default ACL. That parameter is used in the constructor of the [PathAccessControlItem](/dotnet/api/azure.storage.files.datalake.models.pathaccesscontrolitem). The entries of the ACL give the owning user read, write, and execute permissions, gives the owning group only read and execute permissions, and gives all others no access. The last ACL entry in this example gives a specific user with the object ID ""xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx" read and execute permissions.
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This example sets the ACL of a directory named `my-parent-directory`. This method accepts a boolean parameter named `isDefaultScope` that specifies whether to set the default ACL. That parameter is used in the constructor of the [PathAccessControlItem](/dotnet/api/azure.storage.files.datalake.models.pathaccesscontrolitem). The entries of the ACL give the owning user read, write, and execute permissions, gives the owning group only read and execute permissions, and gives all others no access. The last ACL entry in this example gives a specific user with the object ID `xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx` read and execute permissions.
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:::code language="csharp" source="~/azure-storage-snippets/blobs/howto/dotnet/dotnet-v12/ACL_DataLake.cs" id="Snippet_SetACLRecursively":::
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