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articles/stream-analytics/stream-analytics-window-functions.md

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![Stream Analytics window functions concepts](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/stream-analytics-window-functions-conceptual.png)
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## Tumbling window
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Tumbling window functions are used to segment a data stream into distinct time segments and perform a function against them, such as the example below. The key differentiators of a Tumbling window are that they repeat, do not overlap, and an event cannot belong to more than one tumbling window.
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[**Tumbling**](/stream-analytics-query/tumbling-window-azure-stream-analytics) window functions are used to segment a data stream into distinct time segments and perform a function against them, such as the example below. The key differentiators of a Tumbling window are that they repeat, do not overlap, and an event cannot belong to more than one tumbling window.
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![Stream Analytics tumbling window](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/stream-analytics-window-functions-tumbling-intro.png)
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## Hopping window
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Hopping window functions hop forward in time by a fixed period. It may be easy to think of them as Tumbling windows that can overlap and be emitted more often than the window size. Events can belong to more than one Hopping window result set. To make a Hopping window the same as a Tumbling window, specify the hop size to be the same as the window size.
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[**Hopping**](/stream-analytics-query/hopping-window-azure-stream-analytics) window functions hop forward in time by a fixed period. It may be easy to think of them as Tumbling windows that can overlap and be emitted more often than the window size. Events can belong to more than one Hopping window result set. To make a Hopping window the same as a Tumbling window, specify the hop size to be the same as the window size.
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![Stream Analytics hopping window](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/stream-analytics-window-functions-hopping-intro.png)
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## Sliding window
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Sliding windows, unlike Tumbling or Hopping windows, output events only for points in time when the content of the window actually changes. In other words, when an event enters or exits the window. So, every window has at least one event. Similar to Hopping windows, events can belong to more than one sliding window.
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[**Sliding**](/stream-analytics-query/sliding-window-azure-stream-analytics) windows, unlike Tumbling or Hopping windows, output events only for points in time when the content of the window actually changes. In other words, when an event enters or exits the window. So, every window has at least one event. Similar to Hopping windows, events can belong to more than one sliding window.
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![Stream Analytics sliding window](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/stream-analytics-window-functions-sliding-intro.png)
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![Stream Analytics 10 second sliding window](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/sliding-window-updated.png)
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## Session window
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Session window functions group events that arrive at similar times, filtering out periods of time where there is no data. It has three main parameters: timeout, maximum duration, and partitioning key (optional).
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![Stream Analytics session window](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/stream-analytics-window-functions-session-intro.png)
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[**Session**](/stream-analytics-query/session-window-azure-stream-analytics) window functions group events that arrive at similar times, filtering out periods of time where there is no data. It has three main parameters: timeout, maximum duration, and partitioning key (optional).
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![Stream Analytics session window 5 mins timeout & 10 mins maximum](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/stream-analytics-session-window.png)
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A session window begins when the first event occurs. If another event occurs within the specified timeout from the last ingested event, then the window extends to include the new event. Otherwise if no events occur within the timeout, then the window is closed at the timeout.
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## Snapshot window
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Snapshot windows groups events that have the same timestamp. Unlike other windowing types, which require a specific window function (such as [SessionWindow()](/stream-analytics-query/session-window-azure-stream-analytics), you can apply a snapshot window by adding System.Timestamp() to the GROUP BY clause.
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[**Snapshot**](/stream-analytics-query/snapshot-window-azure-stream-analytics) windows group events that have the same timestamp. Unlike other windowing types, which require a specific window function (such as [SessionWindow()](/stream-analytics-query/session-window-azure-stream-analytics), you can apply a snapshot window by adding System.Timestamp() to the GROUP BY clause.
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![Stream Analytics snapshot window](media/stream-analytics-window-functions/snapshot.png)
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