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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/spring-apps/tools-to-troubleshoot-memory-issues.md
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> [!NOTE]
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> Azure Spring Apps is the new name for the Azure Spring Cloud service. Although the service has a new name, you'll see the old name in some places for a while as we work to update assets such as screenshots, videos, and diagrams.
This article describes various tools that are useful for troubleshooting Java memory issues. You can use these tools in many scenarios not limited to memory issues, but this article focuses only on the topic of memory.
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For JVM memory, there are three metrics: `jvm.memory.used`, `jvm.memory.committed`, and `jvm.memory.max`, which are described in the following list.
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"JVM memory" isn't a clearly defined concept. Here, `jvm.memory` is the sum of [heap memory](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#heap-memory) and former permGen part of [non-heap memory](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#non-heap-memory). JVM memory doesn't include direct memory or other memory like the thread stack. These three metrics are gathered by Spring Boot Actuator, and the scope of `jvm.memory` is also determined by Spring Boot Actuator.
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"JVM memory" isn't a clearly defined concept. Here, `jvm.memory` is the sum of [heap memory](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#heap-memory) and former permGen part of [non-heap memory](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#non-heap-memory). JVM memory doesn't include direct memory or other memory like the thread stack. Spring Boot Actuator gathers these three metrics and determines the scope of `jvm.memory`.
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-`jvm.memory.used` is the amount of used JVM memory, including used heap memory and used former permGen in non-heap memory.
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-`jvm.memory.max` is the maximum amount of JVM memory, not to be confused with the real available amount.
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The value of `jvm.memory.max` can sometimes be confusing because it can be much higher than the available app memory. To clarify, `jvm.memory.max` is the sum of all maximum sizes of heap memory and the former permGen part of [non-heap memory](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#non-heap-memory), regardless of the real available memory. For example, if an app is set with 1GB memory in the Azure Spring Apps portal, then the default heap memory size will be 0.5GB. For more information, see the [Default maximum heap size](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#default-maximum-heap-size) section of [Java memory management](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md).
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The value of `jvm.memory.max` can sometimes be confusing because it can be much higher than the available app memory. To clarify, `jvm.memory.max` is the sum of all maximum sizes of heap memory and the former permGen part of [non-heap memory](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#non-heap-memory), regardless of the real available memory. For example, if an app is set with 1-GB memory in the Azure Spring Apps portal, then the default heap memory size is 0.5-GB. For more information, see the [Default maximum heap size](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md#default-maximum-heap-size) section of [Java memory management](concepts-for-java-memory-management.md).
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If the default *compressed class space* size is 1GB, then the value of `jvm.memory.max`will be larger than 1.5GB regardless of whether the app memory size 1GB. For more information, see [Java Platform, Standard Edition HotSpot Virtual Machine Garbage Collection Tuning Guide: Other Considerations](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/gctuning/other-considerations.htm) in the Oracle documentation.
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If the default *compressed class space* size is 1-GB, then the value of `jvm.memory.max`is larger than 1.5-GB regardless of whether the app memory size 1-GB. For more information, see [Java Platform, Standard Edition HotSpot Virtual Machine Garbage Collection Tuning Guide: Other Considerations](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/gctuning/other-considerations.htm) in the Oracle documentation.
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