Merge pull request #193972 from bandersmsft/reservation-amortization

CMB - Added reservation-amortization

Author: Court72

articles/cost-management-billing/reservations/media/reservation-amortization/daily-cost-all-reservations-amortized.png

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+title: View amortized reservation costs
+titleSuffix: Azure Cost Management + Billing
+description: This article helps you understand what amortized reservation costs are and how to view them in cost analysis.
+author: bandersmsft
+ms.reviewer: primittal
+ms.service: cost-management-billing
+ms.subservice: reservations
+ms.topic: how-to
+ms.date: 04/04/2022
+ms.author: banders
+---
+
+# View amortized reservation costs
+
+This article helps you understand what amortized reservation costs are and how to view them in cost analysis. When you buy a reservation, you're normally committing to a one-year or three-years plan to save money compared to pay-as-you-go costs. You can choose to pay for the reservation up front or with monthly payments. If you pay up front, the one-time payment is charged to your subscription. If your organization needs to charge back or show back partial costs of the reservation to users or departments that use it, then you might need to determine what the monthly or daily cost of the reservation is. _Amortization_ is the process of breaking the one-time cost into periodic costs.
+
+However, if your organization doesn't charge back or show back reservation use to the users or departments that use them, then you might not need to worry about amortized costs.
+
+## How Azure calculates amortized costs
+
+To understand how amortized costs are shown in cost analysis, let's look at some examples.
+
+First, let's look at a one-year virtual machine reservation that was purchased on January 1. Depending on your view, instead of seeing a $365 purchase on January 1, 2022, you'll see a $1.00 purchase every day from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. In addition to basic amortization, the costs are also reallocated and associated to the specific resources that used the reservation. For example, if the $1.00 daily charge was split between two virtual machines, you'd see two $0.50 charges for the day. If part of the reservation isn't utilized for the day, you'd see one $0.50 charge associated with the applicable virtual machine and another $0.50 charge with a charge type of _UnusedReservation_. Unused reservation costs can be seen only when viewing amortized cost.
+
+Now, let's look at a one-year reservation purchased at some other point in a month. For example, if you buy a reservation on May 26, 2022 with an upfront payment, the amortized cost is divided by 365 (assuming it's not a leap year) and spread from May 26, 2022 through May 25, 2023. In this example, the daily cost would be the same for every day. However, the monthly cost will vary because of the varying number of days in a month. Also, if the reservation period includes a leap year, costs for the leap year are divided evenly by 366.
+
+If you pay monthly, the monthly fee is divided by the number of days in that month and spread evenly across May 26, 2022 through June 25, 2022, with the next month's fee spread across June 26, 2022 through July 25, 2022, and so on. An upfront (one time) reservation purchase is shown as an example in this article. However, the amortization of daily costs is the same as a reservation bought with monthly payments.
+
+Because of the change in how costs are represented, it's important to note that actual cost and amortized cost views will show different total numbers. Depending on your view in Cost analysis, the total cost of months with a reservation purchase will decrease when viewing amortized costs, and months following a reservation purchase will increase. Amortization is available only for reservation purchases and doesn't apply to Azure Marketplace purchases currently.
+
+## Metrics affect how costs are shown
+
+In Cost analysis, you view costs with a metric. They include Actual cost and Amortized cost. Each metric affects how data is shown for your reservation charges.
+
+**Actual cost** - Shows the purchase as it appears on your bill. For example, if you bought a one-year reservation for $1200 in January 2022, cost analysis shows a $1200 cost in the month of January for the reservation. It doesn't show a reservation cost for other months of the year. If you group your actual costs by VM, then a VM that received the reservation benefit for a given month would have zero cost for the month.
+
+**Amortized cost** - Shows a reservation purchase split as an amortized cost over the duration of the reservation term. With the same example above, cost analysis shows a different amount for each month depending on the number of days in the month. If you group costs by VM in this example, you'd see cost attributed to each VM that received the reservation benefit. However, _used reservation_ costs are attributed to the subscription used to buy the reservation because the unused portion isn't attributable to any specific resource or subscription.
+
+## View amortized costs
+
+By default, cost analysis shows charges as they appear on your bill. The charges are shown as actual costs or amortized over the course of your reservation period.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> You can buy a reservation with a pay-as-you-go (MS-AZR-0003P) subscription. However, Cost Analysis doesn't support viewing amortized reservation costs for a pay-as-you-go subscription.
+
+Depending on the view you use in cost analysis, you'll see different reservation costs. For example:
+
+When you use the **DailyCosts** view with a date filter applied, you'll easily see when a reservation was purchased with an increase in actual daily costs. If you try to view costs with the **Amortized cost** metric, you'll see the same results as **Actual Cost**.
+
+Let's look at an example one-year reservation purchased for $12,016.00, purchased on October 23, 2019. The term ends on October 23, 2020, and a leap year day is included in the term, so the term's duration is 366 days.
+
+In the Azure portal, navigate to cost analysis for your scope. For example, **Cost Management** > **Cost analysis**.
+
+1. Select a date range that includes a period of the reservation term.
+2. Add a filter for **Pricing Model: Reservation** to see only reservation costs.
+3. Then, set **Granularity** to **Daily**. Here's an example showing the purchase with the date range set from October through November 2019.  
+    :::image type="content" source="./media/reservation-amortization/reservation-purchase.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing a reservation purchase in Cost analysis." lightbox="./media/reservation-amortization/reservation-purchase.png" :::
+4. Under **Scope** and next to the cost shown, select the down arrow symbol and then select **Amortized cost** metric. Here's an example showing the daily cost of all reservations for the selected date range. For the highlighted day, the daily cost is about $37.90. Azure accounts for costs to further decimal places, but only shows costs to two decimal places.  
+    :::image type="content" source="./media/reservation-amortization/daily-cost-all-reservations-amortized.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing daily amortized cost for all reservations in Cost analysis." lightbox="./media/reservation-amortization/daily-cost-all-reservations-amortized.png" :::
+5. If you have multiple reservations (the example above does), then use the **Group by** list to group the results by **Reservation name**. Here's an example showing the daily amortized cost of the reservation named `VM_WUS_DS3_Upfront` for $32.83. In this example, Azure determined the cost by: $12,016 / 366 = $32.83 per day. Because the reservation term includes a leap year (2020), 366 is used to divide the total cost, not 365.  
+    :::image type="content" source="./media/reservation-amortization/daily-cost-amortized-specific-reservation.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing the daily amortized cost for a specific reservation in Cost analysis." lightbox="./media/reservation-amortization/daily-cost-amortized-specific-reservation.png" :::
+6. Next, change the **Granularity** to **Monthly** and expand the date range. The following example shows varying monthly costs for reservations. The cost varies because the number of days in each month differs. November has 30 days, so the daily cost of $32.83 \* 30 = ~$984.90.  
+    :::image type="content" source="./media/reservation-amortization/monthly-cost-amortized-reservations.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing the monthly amortized cost for a specific reservation in Cost analysis." lightbox="./media/reservation-amortization/monthly-cost-amortized-reservations.png" :::
+
+## View reservation resource amortized costs
+
+To charge back or show back costs for a reservation, you need to know which resources used a reservation. Use the following steps to see amortized costs for individual resources. In this example, we'll examine November 2019, which was the first month of full reservation use.
+
+1. Select a date range in the reservation term where you want to view resources that used the reservation.
+2. Add a filter for **Pricing Model: Reservation** to see only reservation costs.
+3. Set **Granularity** to **Monthly**.
+4. Under **Scope** and next to the cost shown, select the down arrow symbol and then select the **Amortized** cost metric.
+5. If you have multiple reservations, use the **Group by** list to group the results by **Reservation name**.
+6. In the chart, select a reservation. A filter is added for the reservation name.
+7. In the **Group by** list, select **Resource**. The chart shows the resources that used the reservation. In the following example image, November 2019 had eight resources that used the reservation. There's one unused item, which is the subscription that was used to buy the reservation.  
+    :::image type="content" source="./media/reservation-amortization/reservation-cost-resource-chart.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing the amortized cost of all the reservations for a specific month." lightbox="./media/reservation-amortization/reservation-cost-resource-chart.png" :::
+8. To see the cost more easily for individual resources, select **Table** in the chart list. Expand items as needed. Here's an example for November 2019 showing the amortized reservation costs for the eight resources that used the reservation. The highlighted cost is the unused portion of the reservation.  
+    :::image type="content" source="./media/reservation-amortization/reservation-cost-resource-table.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing the amortized cost of all resources that used a reservation for a specific month." lightbox="./media/reservation-amortization/reservation-cost-resource-table.png" :::
+
+Another easy way to view reservation amortized cost is to use the **Reservations** preview view. To easily navigate to it, in Cost analysis in the top menu under **Cost by resource**, select the **Reservations (preview)** view.
+
+:::image type="content" source="./media/reservation-amortization/reservations-preview.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing Reservations (preview) view item."  :::
+
+
+## Next steps
+
+- Read [Charge back Azure Reservation costs](charge-back-usage.md) to learn more about charge back processes.

articles/cost-management-billing/reservations/media/reservation-amortization/daily-cost-amortized-specific-reservation.png

@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@
       href: reservation-utilization.md
     - name: View reservation transactions
       href: view-purchase-refunds.md
+    - name: View amortized reservation costs
+      href: reservation-amortization.md
     - name: Charge back reservation costs
       href: charge-back-usage.md
   - name: Exchange and refund