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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/sql-database/sql-database-networkaccess-overview.md
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---
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title: Network Access Controls
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description: Overview of network access controls for Azure SQL Database and Data Warehouse to manage access, and configure a single or pooled database.
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description: Overview of network access controls for Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics to manage access, and configure a single or pooled database.
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services: sql-database
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ms.service: sql-database
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ms.subservice: security
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titleSuffix: Azure SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse
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titleSuffix: Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics
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ms.custom:
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ms.devlang:
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ms.topic: conceptual
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ms.date: 03/09/2020
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# Azure SQL Database and Data Warehouse network access controls
> This article applies to Azure SQL server, and to both SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse databases that are created on the Azure SQL server. For simplicity, SQL Database is used when referring to both SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse.
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> This article applies to Azure SQL server, and to both SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics databases that are created on the Azure SQL server. For simplicity, SQL Database is used when referring to both SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> This article does *not* apply to **Azure SQL Database Managed Instance**. for more information about the networking configuration, see [connecting to a Managed Instance](sql-database-managed-instance-connect-app.md) .
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/sql-database/sql-database-private-endpoint-overview.md
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description: Overview of Private endpoint feature
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author: rohitnayakmsft
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ms.author: rohitna
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titleSuffix: Azure SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse
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titleSuffix: Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics
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ms.service: sql-database
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ms.topic: overview
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ms.reviewer: vanto
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ms.date: 03/09/2020
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# Private Link for Azure SQL Database and Data Warehouse
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# Private Link for Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics
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Private Link allows you to connect to various PaaS services in Azure via a **private endpoint**. For a list to PaaS services that support Private Link functionality, go to the [Private Link Documentation](../private-link/index.yml) page. A private endpoint is a private IP address within a specific [VNet](../virtual-network/virtual-networks-overview.md) and Subnet.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> This article applies to Azure SQL server, and to both SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse databases that are created on the Azure SQL server. For simplicity, SQL Database is used when referring to both SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse. This article does *not* apply to a **managed instance** deployment in Azure SQL Database.
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> This article applies to Azure SQL server, and to both SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics databases that are created on the Azure SQL server. For simplicity, SQL Database is used when referring to both SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics. This article does *not* apply to a **managed instance** deployment in Azure SQL Database.
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## Data exfiltration prevention
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Data exfiltration in Azure SQL Database is when an authorized user, such as a database admin is able extract data from one system and move it another location or system outside the organization. For example, the user moves the data to a storage account owned by a third party.
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Consider a scenario with a user running SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) inside an Azure VM connecting to a SQL Database. This SQL Database is in the West US data center. The example below shows how to limit access with public endpoints on SQL Database using network access controls.
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1. Disable all Azure service traffic to SQL Database via the public endpoint by setting Allow Azure Services to **OFF**. Ensure no IP addresses are allowed in the server and database level firewall rules. For more information, see [Azure SQL Database and Data Warehouse network access controls](sql-database-networkaccess-overview.md).
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1. Disable all Azure service traffic to SQL Database via the public endpoint by setting Allow Azure Services to **OFF**. Ensure no IP addresses are allowed in the server and database level firewall rules. For more information, see [Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics network access controls](sql-database-networkaccess-overview.md).
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1. Only allow traffic to the SQL Database using the Private IP address of the VM. For more information, see the articles on [Service Endpoint](sql-database-vnet-service-endpoint-rule-overview.md) and [VNet firewall rules](sql-database-firewall-configure.md).
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1. On the Azure VM, narrow down the scope of outgoing connection by using [Network Security Groups (NSGs)](../virtual-network/manage-network-security-group.md) and Service Tags as follows
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- Specify an NSG rule to allow traffic for Service Tag = SQL.WestUs - only allowing connection to SQL Database in West US
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The result shows that one IP address is up; which corresponds to the IP address for the private endpoint.
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### Check Connectivity using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
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> [!NOTE]
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> Use the **Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)** of the server in connection strings for your clients. Any login attempts made directly to the IP address shall fail. This behavior is by design, since private endpoint routes traffic to the SQL Gateway in the region and the FQDN needs to be specified for logins to succeed.
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## Connecting from an Azure SQL Data Warehouse to Azure Storage using Polybase
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## Connecting from Azure Synapse Analytics to Azure Storage using Polybase
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PolyBase is commonly used to load data into Azure SQL Data Warehouse from Azure Storage accounts. If the Azure Storage account that you are loading data from limits access only to a set of VNet-subnets via Private Endpoints, Service Endpoints, or IP-based firewalls, the connectivity from PolyBase to the account will break. For enabling both PolyBase import and export scenarios with Azure SQL Data Warehouse connecting to Azure Storage that's secured to a VNet, follow the steps provided [here](sql-database-vnet-service-endpoint-rule-overview.md#impact-of-using-vnet-service-endpoints-with-azure-storage).
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PolyBase is commonly used to load data into Azure Synapse Analytics from Azure Storage accounts. If the Azure Storage account that you are loading data from limits access only to a set of VNet-subnets via Private Endpoints, Service Endpoints, or IP-based firewalls, the connectivity from PolyBase to the account will break. For enabling both PolyBase import and export scenarios with Azure Synapse Analytics connecting to Azure Storage that's secured to a VNet, follow the steps provided [here](sql-database-vnet-service-endpoint-rule-overview.md#impact-of-using-vnet-service-endpoints-with-azure-storage).
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### IP firewall rules
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IP firewall rules grant access to databases based on the originating IP address of each request. For more information, see [Overview of Azure SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse firewall rules](sql-database-firewall-configure.md).
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IP firewall rules grant access to databases based on the originating IP address of each request. For more information, see [Overview of Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics firewall rules](sql-database-firewall-configure.md).
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### Virtual network firewall rules
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-**Azure Active Directory authentication**:
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Azure Active Directory authentication is a mechanism of connecting to [Azure SQL Database](sql-database-technical-overview.md) and [SQL Data Warehouse](../synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-overview-what-is.md) by using identities in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD). Azure AD authentication allows administrators to centrally manage the identities and permissions of database users along with other Microsoft services in one central location. This includes the minimization of password storage and enables centralized password rotation policies.
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Azure Active Directory authentication is a mechanism of connecting to [Azure SQL Database](sql-database-technical-overview.md) and [Azure Synapse Analytics](../synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-overview-what-is.md) by using identities in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD). Azure AD authentication allows administrators to centrally manage the identities and permissions of database users along with other Microsoft services in one central location. This includes the minimization of password storage and enables centralized password rotation policies.
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A server admin called the **Active Directory administrator** must be created to use Azure AD authentication with SQL Database. For more information, see [Connecting to SQL Database By Using Azure Active Directory Authentication](sql-database-aad-authentication.md). Azure AD authentication supports both managed and federated accounts. The federated accounts support Windows users and groups for a customer domain federated with Azure AD.
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# Use virtual network service endpoints and rules for database servers
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*Virtual network rules* are one firewall security feature that controls whether the database server for your single databases and elastic pool in Azure [SQL Database](sql-database-technical-overview.md) or for your databases in [SQL Data Warehouse](../synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-overview-what-is.md) accepts communications that are sent from particular subnets in virtual networks. This article explains why the virtual network rule feature is sometimes your best option for securely allowing communication to your Azure SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse.
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*Virtual network rules* are one firewall security feature that controls whether the database server for your single databases and elastic pool in Azure [SQL Database](sql-database-technical-overview.md) or for your databases in [Azure Synapse Analytics](../synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-overview-what-is.md) accepts communications that are sent from particular subnets in virtual networks. This article explains why the virtual network rule feature is sometimes your best option for securely allowing communication to your Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> This article applies to Azure SQL server, and to both SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse databases that are created on the Azure SQL server. For simplicity, SQL Database is used when referring to both SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse. This article does *not* apply to a **managed instance** deployment in Azure SQL Database because it does not have a service endpoint associated with it.
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> This article applies to Azure SQL server, and to both SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics databases that are created on the Azure SQL server. For simplicity, SQL Database is used when referring to both SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics. This article does *not* apply to a **managed instance** deployment in Azure SQL Database because it does not have a service endpoint associated with it.
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To create a virtual network rule, there must first be a [virtual network service endpoint][vm-virtual-network-service-endpoints-overview-649d] for the rule to reference.
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## Impact of using VNet Service Endpoints with Azure storage
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Azure Storage has implemented the same feature that allows you to limit connectivity to your Azure Storage account. If you choose to use this feature with an Azure Storage account that is being used by Azure SQL Server, you can run into issues. Next is a list and discussion of Azure SQL Database and Azure SQL Data Warehouse features that are impacted by this.
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Azure Storage has implemented the same feature that allows you to limit connectivity to your Azure Storage account. If you choose to use this feature with an Azure Storage account that is being used by Azure SQL Server, you can run into issues. Next is a list and discussion of Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics features that are impacted by this.
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### Azure SQL Data Warehouse PolyBase
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### Azure Synapse Analytics PolyBase
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PolyBase is commonly used to load data into Azure SQL Data Warehouse from Azure Storage accounts. If the Azure Storage account that you are loading data from limits access only to a set of VNet-subnets, connectivity from PolyBase to the Account will break. For enabling both PolyBase import and export scenarios with Azure SQL Data Warehouse connecting to Azure Storage that's secured to VNet, follow the steps indicated below:
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PolyBase is commonly used to load data into Azure Synapse Analytics from Azure Storage accounts. If the Azure Storage account that you are loading data from limits access only to a set of VNet-subnets, connectivity from PolyBase to the Account will break. For enabling both PolyBase import and export scenarios with Azure Synapse Analytics connecting to Azure Storage that's secured to VNet, follow the steps indicated below:
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#### Prerequisites
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#### Steps
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1. In PowerShell, **register your Azure SQL Server** hosting your Azure SQL Data Warehouse instance with Azure Active Directory (AAD):
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1. In PowerShell, **register your Azure SQL Server** hosting your Azure Synapse Analytics instance with Azure Active Directory (AAD):
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