-4. **Encryption**—Even though the ExpressRoute circuits are dedicated to a specific customer, there's the possibility that the network provider could be breached, allowing an intruder to examine packet traffic. To address this potential, a customer or CSP can encrypt traffic over the connection by defining IPSec tunnel-mode policies for all traffic flowing between the on premises resources and Azure resources (refer to the optional Tunnel mode IPSec for Customer 1 in Figure 5: ExpressRoute Security, above). The second option would be to use a firewall appliance at each the end point of the ExpressRoute circuit. This requires another third-party firewall VMs/Appliances to be installed on both ends to encrypt the traffic over the ExpressRoute circuit.
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