If you need to know the connection state of your devices but the limitations of Event Grid are too restricting for your solution, you can implement the *heartbeat pattern*. In the heartbeat pattern, the device sends device-to-cloud messages at least once every fixed amount of time (for example, at least once every hour). Even if a device doesn't have any data to send, it still sends an empty device-to-cloud message, usually with a property that identifies it as a heartbeat message. On the service side, the solution maintains a map with the last heartbeat received for each device. If the solution doesn't receive a heartbeat message within the expected time from the device, it assumes that there's a problem with the device.
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