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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/virtual-machines/linux/tutorial-secure-web-server.md
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---
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title: "Tutorial: Secure a web server with TLS/SSL certificates"
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description: In this tutorial, you learn how to use the Azure CLI to secure a Linux virtual machine that runs the NGINX web server with SSL certificates stored in Azure Key Vault.
#Customer intent: As an IT administrator or developer, I want to learn how to secure a web server with TLS/SSL certificates so that I can protect my customer data on web applications that I build and run.
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This tutorial uses the CLI within the [Azure Cloud Shell](../../cloud-shell/overview.md), which is constantly updated to the latest version. To open the Cloud Shell, select **Try it** from the top of any code block.
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If you choose to install and use the CLI locally, this tutorial requires that you are running the Azure CLI version 2.0.30 or later. Run `az --version` to find the version. If you need to install or upgrade, see [Install Azure CLI](/cli/azure/install-azure-cli).
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If you choose to install and use the CLI locally, this tutorial requires that you're running the Azure CLI version 2.0.30 or later. Run `az --version` to find the version. If you need to install or upgrade, see [Install Azure CLI](/cli/azure/install-azure-cli).
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## Overview
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Azure Key Vault safeguards cryptographic keys and secrets, such as certificates or passwords. Key Vault helps streamline the certificate management process and enables you to maintain control of keys that access those certificates. You can create a self-signed certificate inside Key Vault, or upload an existing, trusted certificate that you already own.
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Rather than using a custom VM image that includes certificates baked-in, you inject certificates into a running VM. This process ensures that the most up-to-date certificates are installed on a web server during deployment. If you renew or replace a certificate, you don't also have to create a new custom VM image. The latest certificates are automatically injected as you create additional VMs. During the whole process, the certificates never leave the Azure platform or are exposed in a script, command-line history, or template.
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Rather than using a custom VM image that includes certificates baked-in, you inject certificates into a running VM. This process ensures that the most up-to-date certificates are installed on a web server during deployment. If you renew or replace a certificate, you don't also have to create a new custom VM image. The latest certificates are automatically injected as you create more VMs. During the whole process, the certificates never leave the Azure platform or are exposed in a script, command-line history, or template.
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## Create an Azure Key Vault
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```
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### Create a cloud-init config to secure NGINX
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[Cloud-init](https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io) is a widely used approach to customize a Linux VM as it boots for the first time. You can use cloud-init to install packages and write files, or to configure users and security. As cloud-init runs during the initial boot process, there are no additional steps or required agents to apply your configuration.
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[Cloud-init](https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io) is a widely used approach to customize a Linux VM as it boots for the first time. You can use cloud-init to install packages and write files, or to configure users and security. As cloud-init runs during the initial boot process, there are no extra steps or required agents to apply your configuration.
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When you create a VM, certificates and keys are stored in the protected */var/lib/waagent/* directory. To automate adding the certificate to the VM and configuring the web server, use cloud-init. In this example, you install and configure the NGINX web server. You can use the same process to install and configure Apache.
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Follow this link to see pre-built virtual machine script samples.
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