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description: In this article, learn how to troubleshoot errors encountered with backup and restore of Azure virtual machines.
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ms.reviewer: srinathv
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ms.topic: troubleshooting
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ms.date: 12/23/2022
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ms.date: 07/20/2023
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ms.service: backup
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author: jyothisuri
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ms.author: jsuri
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author: AbhishekMallick-MS
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ms.author: v-abhmallick
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---
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# Troubleshooting backup failures on Azure virtual machines
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This error occurs because the VSS writers were in a bad state. Azure Backup extensions interact with VSS Writers to take snapshots of the disks. To resolve this issue, follow these steps:
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Step 1: Restart VSS writers that are in a bad state.
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**Step 1**: Check the **Free Disk Space**, **VM resources as RAM and page file**, and **CPU utilization percentage**.
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- Increase the VM size to increase vCPUs and RAM space.
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- Increase the disk size if the free disk space is low.
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**Step 2**: Restart VSS writers that are in a bad state.
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* From an elevated command prompt, run `vssadmin list writers`.
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* The output contains all VSS writers and their state. For every VSS writer with a state that's not **[1] Stable**, restart the respective VSS writer's service.
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> [!NOTE]
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> Restarting some services can have an impact on your production environment. Ensure the approval process is followed and the service is restarted at the scheduled downtime.
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Step 2: If restarting the VSS writers did not resolve the issue, then run the following command from an elevated command-prompt (as an administrator) to prevent the threads from being created for blob-snapshots.
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**Step 3**: If restarting the VSS writers did not resolve the issue, then run the following command from an elevated command-prompt (as an administrator) to prevent the threads from being created for blob-snapshots.
Step 3: If steps 1 and 2 did not resolve the issue, then the failure could be due to VSS writers timing out due to limited IOPS.<br>
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**Step 4**: If steps 1 and 2 did not resolve the issue, then the failure could be due to VSS writers timing out due to limited IOPS.<br>
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To verify, navigate to ***System and Event Viewer Application logs*** and check for the following error message:<br>
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*The shadow copy provider timed out while holding writes to the volume being shadow copied. This is probably due to excessive activity on the volume by an application or a system service. Try again later when activity on the volume is reduced.*<br>
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