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Merge pull request #233524 from fitzgeraldsteele/docs-editor/virtual-machine-scale-sets-orc-1680713777
Add minimum API version to comparison table
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articles/virtual-machine-scale-sets/virtual-machine-scale-sets-orchestration-modes.md

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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> The orchestration mode is defined when you create the scale set and cannot be changed or updated later.
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## Scale sets with Uniform orchestration
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Optimized for large-scale stateless workloads with identical instances.
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Virtual Machine Scale Sets with Uniform orchestration use a virtual machine profile or template to scale up to desired capacity. While there is some ability to manage or customize individual virtual machine instances, Uniform uses identical VM instances. Individual Uniform VM instances are exposed via the Virtual Machine Scale Set VM API commands. Individual instances aren't compatible with the standard Azure IaaS VM API commands, Azure management features such as Azure Resource Manager resource tagging RBAC permissions, Azure Backup, or Azure Site Recovery. Uniform orchestration provides fault domain high availability guarantees when configured with fewer than 100 instances. Uniform orchestration is generally available and supports a full range of scale set management and orchestration, including metrics-based autoscaling, instance protection, and automatic OS upgrades.
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## Scale sets with Flexible orchestration
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Achieve high availability at scale with identical or multiple virtual machine types.
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With Flexible orchestration, Azure provides a unified experience across the Azure VM ecosystem. Flexible orchestration offers high availability guarantees (up to 1000 VMs) by spreading VMs across fault domains in a region or within an Availability Zone. This enables you to scale out your application while maintaining fault domain isolation that is essential to run quorum-based or stateful workloads, including:
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## What has changed with Flexible orchestration mode?
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One of the main advantages of Flexible orchestration is that it provides orchestration features over standard Azure IaaS VMs, instead of scale set child virtual machines. This means you can use all of the standard VM APIs when managing Flexible orchestration instances, instead of the Virtual Machine Scale Set VM APIs you use with Uniform orchestration. There are several differences between managing instances in Flexible orchestration versus Uniform orchestration. In general, we recommend that you use the standard Azure IaaS VM APIs when possible. In this section, we highlight examples of best practices for managing VM instances with Flexible orchestration.
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Flexible orchestration mode can be used with all VM sizes. Flexible orchestration mode provides the highest scale and configurability for VM sizes that support memory preserving updates or live migration such as when using the B, D, E and F-series or when the scale set is configured for maximum spreading between instances `platformFaultDomainCount=1`. Currently, the Flexible orchestration mode has additional constraints for VM sizes that don't support memory preserving updates including the G, H, L, M, and N-series VMs and instances are spread across multiple fault domains. You can use the Compute Resource SKUs API to determine whether a specific VM SKU support memory preserving updates.
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| Single Placement Group | Optional. This will be set to false based on first VM deployed | Optional. This will be set to true based on first VM deployed |
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### Scale out with standard Azure virtual machines
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Virtual Machine Scale Sets in Flexible Orchestration mode manage standard Azure VMs. You have full control over the virtual machine lifecycle, as well as network interfaces and disks using the standard Azure APIs and commands. Virtual machines created with Uniform orchestration mode are exposed and managed via the Virtual Machine Scale Set VM API commands. Individual instances aren't compatible with the standard Azure IaaS VM API commands, Azure management features such as Azure Resource Manager resource tagging RBAC permissions, Azure Backup, or Azure Site Recovery.
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### Assign fault domain during VM creation
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You can choose the number of fault domains for the Flexible orchestration scale set. By default, when you add a VM to a Flexible scale set, Azure evenly spreads instances across fault domains. While it is recommended to let Azure assign the fault domain, for advanced or troubleshooting scenarios you can override this default behavior and specify the fault domain where the instance will land.
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```azurecli-interactive
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az vm create –vmss "myVMSS" –-platform-fault-domain 1
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```
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### Instance naming
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When you create a VM and add it to a Flexible scale set, you have full control over instance names within the Azure Naming convention rules. When VMs are automatically added to the scale set via autoscaling, you provide a prefix and Azure appends a unique number to the end of the name.
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### Query instances for power state
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The preferred method is to use Azure Resource Graph to query for all VMs in a Virtual Machine Scale Set. Azure Resource Graph provides efficient query capabilities for Azure resources at scale across subscriptions.
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```
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- Use the Get VM API and commands to get model and instance view for a single instance.
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### Monitor application health
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Application health monitoring allows your application to provide Azure with a heartbeat to determine whether your application is healthy or unhealthy. Azure can automatically replace VM instances that are unhealthy. For Flexible scale set instances, you must install and configure the Application Health Extension on the virtual machine. For Uniform scale set instances, you can use either the Application Health Extension, or measure health with an Azure Load Balancer Custom Health Probe.
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### List scale sets VM API changes
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Virtual Machine Scale Sets allows you to list the instances that belong to the scale set. With Flexible orchestration, the list Virtual Machine Scale Sets VM command provides a list of scale sets VM IDs. You can then call the GET Virtual Machine Scale Sets VM commands to get more details on how the scale set is working with the VM instance. To get the details for many VMs in the scale set, use [Azure Resource Graph](../governance/resource-graph/overview.md) or the standard List VM API and commands. Use the standard GET VM API and commands to get information on a single instance.
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### Retrieve boot diagnostics data
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Use the standard VM APIs and commands to retrieve instance Boot Diagnostics data and screenshots. The Virtual Machine Scale Sets VM boot diagnostic APIs and commands aren't used with Flexible orchestration mode instances.
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### VM extensions
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Use extensions targeted for standard virtual machines, instead of extensions targeted for Uniform orchestration mode instances.
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## A comparison of Flexible, Uniform, and availability sets
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The following table compares the Flexible orchestration mode, Uniform orchestration mode, and Availability Sets by their features.
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### Basic setup
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| Feature | Supported by Flexible orchestration for scale sets | Supported by Uniform orchestration for scale sets | Supported by Availability Sets |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| Virtual machine type | Standard Azure IaaS VM (Microsoft.compute/virtualmachines) | Scale Set specific VMs (Microsoft.compute/virtualmachinescalesets/virtualmachines) | Standard Azure IaaS VM (Microsoft.compute/virtualmachines) |
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|Minimum API Version Required|2021-03-01|2015-06-01|2015-06-01|
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| Maximum Instance Count (with FD guarantees) | 1000 | 100 | 200 |
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| SKUs supported | All SKUs | All SKUs | All SKUs |
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| Full control over VM, NICs, Disks | Yes | Limited control with Virtual Machine Scale Sets VM API | Yes |
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<sup>1</sup> For Uniform scale sets, the `GET VMSS` response will have a reference to the *identity*, *clientID*, and *principalID*. For Flexible scale sets, the response will only get a reference the *identity*. You can make a call to `Identity` to get the *clientID* and *PrincipalID*.
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### Autoscaling and instance orchestration
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| Feature | Supported by Flexible orchestration for scale sets | Supported by Uniform orchestration for scale sets | Supported by Availability Sets |
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| List VMs in Set | Yes | Yes | Yes, list VMs in AvSet |
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| VM Insights | Can be installed into individual VMs | Yes | Yes |
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### Unsupported parameters
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The following Virtual Machine Scale Set parameters aren't currently supported with Virtual Machine Scale Sets in Flexible orchestration mode:
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- Port Forwarding via Standard Load Balancer NAT Pool - you can configure NAT rules
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- System assigned Managed Identity - Use User assigned Managed Identity instead
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## Get started with Flexible orchestration mode
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Register and get started with [Flexible orchestration mode](..\virtual-machines\flexible-virtual-machine-scale-sets.md) for your Virtual Machine Scale Sets.
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## Frequently asked questions
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- **How much scale does Flexible orchestration support?**
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| Maximum Instance Count (with FD availability guarantee) | 1000 | 3000 | 200 |
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## Next steps
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> [!div class="nextstepaction"]
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> [Learn how to deploy your application on scale set.](virtual-machine-scale-sets-deploy-app.md)
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