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articles/virtual-machines/disk-bursting.md

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**Applies to:** :heavy_check_mark: Linux VMs :heavy_check_mark: Windows VMs :heavy_check_mark: Flexible scale sets :heavy_check_mark: Uniform scale sets
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Azure offers the ability to boost disk storage IOPS and MBps performance, this is referred to as bursting for both virtual machines (VM) and disks. You can effectively use VM and disk bursting to achieve better bursting performance on both your VMs and disk.
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Azure offers the ability to boost disk storage IOPS and MB/s performance, this is referred to as bursting for both virtual machines (VM) and disks. You can effectively use VM and disk bursting to achieve better bursting performance on both your VMs and disk.
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Bursting for Azure VMs and disk resources aren't dependent on each other. You don't need to have a burst-capable VM for an attached burst-capable disk to burst. Similarly, you don't need to have a burst-capable disk attached to your burst-capable VM for the VM to burst.
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## Common scenarios
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The following scenarios can benefit greatly from bursting:
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- **Improve startup times** – With bursting, your instance will startup at a faster rate. For example, the default OS disk for premium enabled VMs is the P4 disk, which is a provisioned performance of up to 120 IOPS and 25 MBps. With bursting, the P4 can go up to 3500 IOPS and 170 MBps allowing for startup to accelerate by up to 6X.
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- **Improve startup times** – With bursting, your instance will startup at a faster rate. For example, the default OS disk for premium enabled VMs is the P4 disk, which is a provisioned performance of up to 120 IOPS and 25 MB/s. With bursting, the P4 can go up to 3500 IOPS and 170 MB/s allowing for startup to accelerate by up to 6X.
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- **Handle batch jobs** – Some application workloads are cyclical in nature. They require a baseline performance most of the time, and higher performance for short periods of time. An example of this is an accounting program that processes daily transactions that require a small amount of disk traffic. At the end of the month this program would complete reconciling reports that need a much higher amount of disk traffic.
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- **Traffic spikes** – Web servers and their applications can experience traffic surges at any time. If your web server is backed by VMs or disks that use bursting, the servers would be better equipped to handle traffic spikes.
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articles/virtual-machines/disks-shared.md

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For shared premium SSD disks, in addition to cost of the disk's tier, there's an extra charge that increases with each VM the SSD is mounted to. See [managed disks pricing](https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/details/managed-disks/) for details.
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Ultra disks don't have an extra charge for each VM that they're mounted to. They're billed on the total IOPS and MBps that the disk is configured for. Normally, an ultra disk has two performance throttles that determine its total IOPS/MBps. However, when configured as a shared ultra disk, two more performance throttles are exposed, for a total of four. These two additional throttles allow for increased performance at an extra expense and each meter has a default value, which raises the performance and cost of the disk.
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Ultra disks don't have an extra charge for each VM that they're mounted to. They're billed on the total IOPS and MB/s that the disk is configured for. Normally, an ultra disk has two performance throttles that determine its total IOPS/MB/s. However, when configured as a shared ultra disk, two more performance throttles are exposed, for a total of four. These two additional throttles allow for increased performance at an extra expense and each meter has a default value, which raises the performance and cost of the disk.
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The four performance throttles a shared ultra disk has are diskMBpsReadWrite, diskIOPSReadOnly and diskMBpsReadOnly. Each performance throttle can be configured to change the performance of your disk. The performance for shared ultra disk is calculated in the following ways: total provisioned IOPS (diskIOPSReadWrite + diskIOPSReadOnly) and for total provisioned throughput MBps (diskMBpsReadWrite + diskMBpsReadOnly).
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The four performance throttles a shared ultra disk has are diskMB/sReadWrite, diskIOPSReadOnly and diskMB/sReadOnly. Each performance throttle can be configured to change the performance of your disk. The performance for shared ultra disk is calculated in the following ways: total provisioned IOPS (diskIOPSReadWrite + diskIOPSReadOnly) and for total provisioned throughput MB/s (diskMB/sReadWrite + diskMB/sReadOnly).
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Once you've determined your total provisioned IOPS and total provisioned throughput, you can use them in the [pricing calculator](https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/calculator/?service=managed-disks) to determine the cost of an ultra shared disk.
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|Attribute |Description |
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|---------|---------|
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|DiskIOPSReadWrite (Read/write disk IOPS) |The total number of IOPS allowed across all VMs mounting the shared disk with write access. |
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|DiskMBpsReadWrite (Read/write disk throughput) |The total throughput (MBps) allowed across all VMs mounting the shared disk with write access. |
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|DiskMB/sReadWrite (Read/write disk throughput) |The total throughput (MB/s) allowed across all VMs mounting the shared disk with write access. |
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|DiskIOPSReadOnly* (Read-only disk IOPS) |The total number of IOPS allowed across all VMs mounting the shared disk as `ReadOnly`. |
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|DiskMBpsReadOnly* (Read-only disk throughput) |The total throughput (MBps) allowed across all VMs mounting the shared disk as `ReadOnly`. |
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|DiskMB/sReadOnly* (Read-only disk throughput) |The total throughput (MB/s) allowed across all VMs mounting the shared disk as `ReadOnly`. |
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\* Applies to shared Ultra Disks and shared Premium SSD v2 managed disks only
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- Has a baseline minimum IOPS of 100, for disks 100 GiB and smaller.
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- For disks larger than 100 GiB, the baseline minimum IOPS you can set increases by 1 per GiB. So the lowest you can set DiskIOPSReadWrite for a 101 GiB disk is 101 IOPS.
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- The maximum you can set this attribute is determined by the size of your disk, the formula is 300 * GiB, up to a maximum of 160,000.
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- DiskMBpsReadWrite (Read/write disk throughput)
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- The minium throughput (MBps) of this attribute is determined by your IOPS, the formula is 4 KiB per second per IOPS. So if you had 101 IOPS, the minium MBps you can set is 1.
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- The maximum you can set this attribute is determined by the amount of IOPS you set, the formula is 256 KiB per second per IOPS, up to a maximum of 4,000 MBps.
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- DiskMB/sReadWrite (Read/write disk throughput)
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- The minium throughput (MB/s) of this attribute is determined by your IOPS, the formula is 4 KiB per second per IOPS. So if you had 101 IOPS, the minium MB/s you can set is 1.
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- The maximum you can set this attribute is determined by the amount of IOPS you set, the formula is 256 KiB per second per IOPS, up to a maximum of 4,000 MB/s.
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- DiskIOPSReadOnly (Read-only disk IOPS)
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- The minimum baseline IOPS for this attribute is 100. For DiskIOPSReadOnly, the baseline doesn't increase with disk size.
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- The maximum you can set this attribute is determined by the size of your disk, the formula is 300 * GiB, up to a maximum of 160,000.
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- DiskMBpsReadOnly (Read-only disk throughput)
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- The minimum throughput (MBps) for this attribute is 1. For DiskMBpsReadOnly, the baseline doesn't increase with IOPS.
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- The maximum you can set this attribute is determined by the amount of IOPS you set, the formula is 256 KiB per second per IOPS, up to a maximum of 4,000 MBps.
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- DiskMB/sReadOnly (Read-only disk throughput)
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- The minimum throughput (MB/s) for this attribute is 1. For DiskMB/sReadOnly, the baseline doesn't increase with IOPS.
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- The maximum you can set this attribute is determined by the amount of IOPS you set, the formula is 256 KiB per second per IOPS, up to a maximum of 4,000 MB/s.
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#### Examples
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##### Shared Ultra Disk and Premium SSD v2 pricing
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Both shared Ultra Disks and shared Premium SSD v2 managed disks are priced based on provisioned capacity, total provisioned IOPS (diskIOPSReadWrite + diskIOPSReadOnly) and total provisioned Throughput MBps (diskMBpsReadWrite + diskMBpsReadOnly). There's no extra charge for each additional VM mount. For example, a shared Ultra Disk with the following configuration (diskSizeGB: 1024, DiskIOPSReadWrite: 10000, DiskMBpsReadWrite: 600, DiskIOPSReadOnly: 100, DiskMBpsReadOnly: 1) is charged with 1024 GiB, 10100 IOPS, and 601 MBps regardless of whether it is mounted to two VMs or five VMs.
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Both shared Ultra Disks and shared Premium SSD v2 managed disks are priced based on provisioned capacity, total provisioned IOPS (diskIOPSReadWrite + diskIOPSReadOnly) and total provisioned Throughput MB/s (diskMB/sReadWrite + diskMB/sReadOnly). There's no extra charge for each additional VM mount. For example, a shared Ultra Disk with the following configuration (diskSizeGB: 1024, DiskIOPSReadWrite: 10000, DiskMB/sReadWrite: 600, DiskIOPSReadOnly: 100, DiskMB/sReadOnly: 1) is charged with 1024 GiB, 10100 IOPS, and 601 MB/s regardless of whether it is mounted to two VMs or five VMs.
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## Next steps
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articles/virtual-machines/disks-types.md

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| **Disk type** | SSD | SSD |SSD | SSD | HDD |
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| **Scenario** | IO-intensive workloads such as [SAP HANA](workloads/sap/hana-vm-operations-storage.md), top tier databases (for example, SQL, Oracle), and other transaction-heavy workloads. | Production and performance-sensitive workloads that consistently require low latency and high IOPS and throughput | Production and performance sensitive workloads | Web servers, lightly used enterprise applications and dev/test | Backup, non-critical, infrequent access |
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| **Max disk size** | 65,536 gibibyte (GiB) | 65,536 GiB |32,767 GiB | 32,767 GiB | 32,767 GiB |
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| **Max throughput** | 4,000 MBps | 1,200 MBps | 900 MBps | 750 MBps | 500 MBps |
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| **Max throughput** | 4,000 MB/s | 1,200 MB/s | 900 MB/s | 750 MB/s | 500 MB/s |
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| **Max IOPS** | 160,000 | 80,000 | 20,000 | 6,000 | 2,000 |
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| **Usable as OS Disk?** | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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The following table provides a comparison of disk sizes and performance caps to help you decide which to use.
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|Disk Size (GiB) |IOPS Cap |Throughput Cap (MBps) |
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|Disk Size (GiB) |IOPS Cap |Throughput Cap (MB/s) |
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|---------|---------|---------|
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|4 |1,200 |300 |
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|8 |2,400 |600 |
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### Ultra disk throughput
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The throughput limit of a single ultra disk is 256-KiB/s for each provisioned IOPS, up to a maximum of 4000 MBps per disk (where MBps = 10^6 Bytes per second). The minimum guaranteed throughput per disk is 4KiB/s for each provisioned IOPS, with an overall baseline minimum of 1 MBps.
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The throughput limit of a single ultra disk is 256-KiB/s for each provisioned IOPS, up to a maximum of 4000 MB/s per disk (where MB/s = 10^6 Bytes per second). The minimum guaranteed throughput per disk is 4KiB/s for each provisioned IOPS, with an overall baseline minimum of 1 MB/s.
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You can adjust ultra disk IOPS and throughput performance at runtime without detaching the disk from the virtual machine. After a performance resize operation has been issued on a disk, it can take up to an hour for the change to take effect. Up to four performance resize operations are permitted during a 24-hour window.
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#### Premium SSD v2 throughput
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All Premium SSD v2 disks have a baseline throughput of 125 MBps, that is free of charge. After 6 GiB, the maximum throughput that can be set increases by 0.25 MBps per set IOPS. If a disk has 3,000 IOPS, the max throughput it can set is 750 MBps. To raise the throughput for this disk beyond 750 MBps, its IOPS must be increased. For example, if you increased the IOPS to 4,000, then the max throughput that can be set is 1,000. 1,200 MBps is the maximum throughput supported for disks that have 5,000 IOPS or more. Increasing your throughput beyond 125 increases the price of your disk.
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All Premium SSD v2 disks have a baseline throughput of 125 MB/s, that is free of charge. After 6 GiB, the maximum throughput that can be set increases by 0.25 MB/s per set IOPS. If a disk has 3,000 IOPS, the max throughput it can set is 750 MB/s. To raise the throughput for this disk beyond 750 MB/s, its IOPS must be increased. For example, if you increased the IOPS to 4,000, then the max throughput that can be set is 1,000. 1,200 MB/s is the maximum throughput supported for disks that have 5,000 IOPS or more. Increasing your throughput beyond 125 increases the price of your disk.
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#### Premium SSD v2 Sector Sizes
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Premium SSD v2 supports a 4k physical sector size by default. A 512E sector size is also supported. While most applications are compatible with 4k sector sizes, some require 512-byte sector sizes. Oracle Database, for example, requires release 12.2 or later in order to support 4k native disks. For older versions of Oracle DB, 512-byte sector size is required.
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The following table provides a comparison of disk capacities and performance maximums to help you decide which to use.
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|Disk Size |Maximum available IOPS |Maximum available throughput (MBps) |
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|Disk Size |Maximum available IOPS |Maximum available throughput (MB/s) |
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|1 GiB-64 TiBs |3,000-80,000 (Increases by 500 IOPS per GiB) |125-1,200 (increases by 0.25 MBps per set IOPS) |
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|1 GiB-64 TiBs |3,000-80,000 (Increases by 500 IOPS per GiB) |125-1,200 (increases by 0.25 MB/s per set IOPS) |
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To deploy a Premium SSD v2, see [Deploy a Premium SSD v2](disks-deploy-premium-v2.md).
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### Premium SSD size
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[!INCLUDE [disk-storage-premium-ssd-sizes](../../includes/disk-storage-premium-ssd-sizes.md)]
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Capacity, IOPS, and throughput are guaranteed when a premium storage disk is provisioned. For example, if you create a P50 disk, Azure provisions 4,095-GB storage capacity, 7,500 IOPS, and 250-MBps throughput for that disk. Your application can use all or part of the capacity and performance. Premium SSDs are designed to provide the single-digit millisecond latencies, target IOPS, and throughput described in the preceding table 99.9% of the time.
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Capacity, IOPS, and throughput are guaranteed when a premium storage disk is provisioned. For example, if you create a P50 disk, Azure provisions 4,095-GB storage capacity, 7,500 IOPS, and 250-MB/s throughput for that disk. Your application can use all or part of the capacity and performance. Premium SSDs are designed to provide the single-digit millisecond latencies, target IOPS, and throughput described in the preceding table 99.9% of the time.
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### Premium SSD bursting
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includes/disk-storage-premium-ssd-sizes.md

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|-------------------|----|----|----|----|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|------|
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| Disk size in GiB | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 512 | 1,024 | 2,048 | 4,096 | 8,192 | 16,384 | 32,767 |
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| Provisioned IOPS per disk | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 240 | 500 | 1,100 | 2,300 | 5,000 | 7,500 | 7,500 | 16,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 |
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| Provisioned Throughput per disk | 25 MBps | 25 MBps | 25 MBps | 25 MBps | 50 MBps | 100 MBps | 125 MBps | 150 MBps | 200 MBps | 250 MBps | 250 MBps| 500 MBps | 750 MBps | 900 MBps |
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| Provisioned Throughput per disk | 25 MB/s | 25 MB/s | 25 MB/s | 25 MB/s | 50 MB/s | 100 MB/s | 125 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 200 MB/s | 250 MB/s | 250 MB/s| 500 MB/s | 750 MB/s | 900 MB/s |
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| Max burst IOPS per disk | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 3,500 | 30,000* | 30,000* | 30,000* | 30,000* | 30,000* | 30,000* |
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| Max burst throughput per disk | 170 MBps | 170 MBps | 170 MBps | 170 MBps | 170 MBps | 170 MBps | 170 MBps | 170 MBps | 1,000 MBps* | 1,000 MBps* | 1,000 MBps* | 1,000 MBps* | 1,000 MBps* | 1,000 MBps* |
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| Max burst throughput per disk | 170 MB/s | 170 MB/s | 170 MB/s | 170 MB/s | 170 MB/s | 170 MB/s | 170 MB/s | 170 MB/s | 1,000 MB/s* | 1,000 MB/s* | 1,000 MB/s* | 1,000 MB/s* | 1,000 MB/s* | 1,000 MB/s* |
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| Max burst duration | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | Unlimited* | Unlimited* | Unlimited* | Unlimited* | Unlimited* | Unlimited* |
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| Eligible for reservation | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes, up to one year | Yes, up to one year | Yes, up to one year | Yes, up to one year | Yes, up to one year | Yes, up to one year |
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includes/disk-storage-standard-hdd-sizes.md

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|--------------------|----|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|------|
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| Disk size in GiB | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 512 | 1,024 | 2,048 | 4,096 | 8,192 | 16,384 | 32,767 |
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| IOPS per disk | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 1,300 | Up to 2,000 | Up to 2,000 |
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| Throughput per disk | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps| Up to 300 MBps | Up to 500 MBps | Up to 500 MBps |
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| Throughput per disk | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s| Up to 300 MB/s | Up to 500 MB/s | Up to 500 MB/s |

includes/disk-storage-standard-ssd-sizes.md

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|--------------------|----|----|----|----|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------|------|------|
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| Disk size in GiB | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 512 | 1,024 | 2,048 | 4,096 | 8,192 | 16,384 | 32,767 |
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| IOPS per disk | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 500 | Up to 2,000 | Up to 4,000 | Up to 6,000 |
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| Throughput per disk | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps | Up to 60 MBps| Up to 400 MBps | Up to 600 MBps | Up to 750 MBps |
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| Throughput per disk | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s | Up to 60 MB/s| Up to 400 MB/s | Up to 600 MB/s | Up to 750 MB/s |
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| Max burst IOPS per disk | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 1000 |
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| Max burst throughput per disk | 150 MBps | 150 MBps | 150 MBps | 150 MBps | 150 MBps | 150 MBps | 150 MBps | 150 MBps | 250 MBps |
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| Max burst throughput per disk | 150 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 250 MB/s |
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| Max burst duration | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min | 30 min |

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