Initial commit, multiple editorial fixes

claytonsiemens77 · claytonsiemens77 · commit ea0a53686529 · 2022-12-08T12:51:41.000-08:00
diff --git a/articles/virtual-machines/linux/run-scripts-in-vm.md b/articles/virtual-machines/linux/run-scripts-in-vm.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ms.service: virtual-machines
 ms.collection: linux
 author: bobbytreed
 ms.author: robreed
-ms.date: 05/02/2018
+ms.date: 12/08/2022
 ms.topic: how-to
 
 ---
diff --git a/articles/virtual-machines/linux/suse-create-upload-vhd.md b/articles/virtual-machines/linux/suse-create-upload-vhd.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ms.subservice: imaging
 ms.collection: linux
 ms.workload: infrastructure-services
 ms.topic: how-to
-ms.date: 12/01/2020
+ms.date: 12/08/2022
 ms.author: srijangupta
 ms.reviewer: mattmcinnes
 
@@ -16,84 +16,102 @@ ms.reviewer: mattmcinnes
 
 **Applies to:** :heavy_check_mark: Linux VMs :heavy_check_mark: Flexible scale sets **Applies to:** :heavy_check_mark: Uniform scale sets
 
+In some cases, you may want to use customized SUSE or openSUSE Leap Linux VMs in your Azure environment and be able to build these types of VMs through automation.  This article demonstrates how to create and upload a custom Azure virtual hard disk (VHD) that contains a SUSE Linux operating system.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
 This article assumes that you have already installed a SUSE or openSUSE Leap Linux operating system to a virtual hard disk. Multiple tools exist to create .vhd files, for example a virtualization solution such as Hyper-V. For instructions, see [Install the Hyper-V Role and Configure a Virtual Machine](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh846766(v=ws.11)).
 
 ## SLES / openSUSE Leap installation notes
-* Please see also [General Linux Installation Notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes) for more tips on preparing Linux for Azure.
+
+* Please see [General Linux Installation Notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes) for more tips on preparing Linux images for Azure.
 * The VHDX format is not supported in Azure, only **fixed VHD**.  You can convert the disk to VHD format using Hyper-V Manager or the convert-vhd cmdlet.
-* When installing the Linux system it is recommended that you use standard partitions rather than LVM (often the default for many installations). This will avoid LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) may be used on data disks if preferred.
+* When installing the Linux operating system it is recommended that you use standard partitions rather than logical volume manager (LVM) managed partitions, which is often the default for many installations. This will avoid LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) may be used on data disks if preferred.
 * Do not configure a swap partition on the OS disk. The Linux agent can be configured to create a swap file on the temporary resource disk.  More information about this can be found in the steps below.
 * All VHDs on Azure must have a virtual size aligned to 1MB. When converting from a raw disk to VHD you must ensure that the raw disk size is a multiple of 1MB before conversion. See [Linux Installation Notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes) for more information.
 
 ## Use SUSE Studio
+
 [SUSE Studio](https://studioexpress.opensuse.org/) can easily create and manage your SLES and openSUSE Leap images for Azure and Hyper-V. This is the recommended approach for customizing your own SLES and openSUSE Leap images.
 
 As an alternative to building your own VHD, SUSE also publishes BYOS (Bring Your Own Subscription) images for SLES at [VM Depot](https://www.microsoft.com/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/using-and-contributing-vms-to-vm-depot.pdf).
 
 ## Prepare SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for Azure
+
 1. In the center pane of Hyper-V Manager, select the virtual machine.
 2. Click **Connect** to open the window for the virtual machine.
 3. Register your SUSE Linux Enterprise system to allow it to download updates and install packages.
 4. Update the system with the latest patches:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo zypper update
+    sudo zypper update
     ```
     
 5. Install Azure Linux Agent and cloud-init
 
     ```console
-    # SUSEConnect -p sle-module-public-cloud/15.2/x86_64  (SLES 15 SP2)
-    # sudo zypper refresh
-    # sudo zypper install python-azure-agent
-    # sudo zypper install cloud-init
+    SUSEConnect -p sle-module-public-cloud/15.2/x86_64  (SLES 15 SP2)
+    sudo zypper refresh
+    sudo zypper install python-azure-agent
+    sudo zypper install cloud-init
     ```
 
 6. Enable waagent & cloud-init to start on boot
 
     ```console
-    # sudo chkconfig waagent on
-    # systemctl enable cloud-init-local.service
-    # systemctl enable cloud-init.service
-    # systemctl enable cloud-config.service
-    # systemctl enable cloud-final.service
-    # systemctl daemon-reload
-    # cloud-init clean
+    sudo -i
+    chkconfig waagent on
+    systemctl enable cloud-init-local.service
+    systemctl enable cloud-init.service
+    systemctl enable cloud-config.service
+    systemctl enable cloud-final.service
+    systemctl daemon-reload
+    cloud-init clean
+    exit
     ```
 
 7. Update waagent and cloud-init configuration
 
     ```console
-    # sed -i 's/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=n/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=y/g' /etc/waagent.conf
-    # sed -i 's/Provisioning.Enabled=y/Provisioning.Enabled=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
+    sed -i 's/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=n/Provisioning.UseCloudInit=y/g' /etc/waagent.conf
+    sed -i 's/Provisioning.Enabled=y/Provisioning.Enabled=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
 
-    # sudo sh -c 'printf "datasource:\n  Azure:" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/91-azure_datasource.cfg'
-    # sudo sh -c 'printf "reporting:\n  logging:\n    type: log\n  telemetry:\n    type: hyperv" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/10-azure-kvp.cfg'
+    sudo sh -c 'printf "datasource:\n  Azure:" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/91-azure_datasource.cfg'
+    sudo sh -c 'printf "reporting:\n  logging:\n    type: log\n  telemetry:\n    type: hyperv" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/10-azure-kvp.cfg'
     ```
 
-8. Edit /etc/default/grub file to ensure console logs are sent to serial port and then update the main configuration file with grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
+8. Edit the "/etc/default/grub" file to ensure console logs are sent to the serial port by adding the following line:
 
     ```config-grub
     console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=ttyS0 
     ```
-    This will ensure all console messages are sent to the first serial port, which can assist Azure support with debugging issues.
-    
-9. Ensure /etc/fstab file reference the disk using its UUID (by-uuid)
-         
+
+Next, apply this change by running the following command:
+
+    ```console
+    sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
+    ```
+
+This will ensure all console messages are sent to the first serial port, which can assist Azure support with debugging issues.
+
+9. Ensure the "/etc/fstab" file references the disk using its UUID (by-uuid)
+
 10. Modify udev rules to avoid generating static rules for the Ethernet interface(s). These rules can cause problems when cloning a virtual machine in Microsoft Azure or Hyper-V:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo ln -s /dev/null /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules
-    # sudo rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
+    sudo -i
+    ln -s /dev/null /etc/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules
+    rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
+    exit
     ```
-   
-11. It is recommended to edit the file "/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp" and change the `DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME` parameter to the following:
+
+11. It is recommended to edit the "/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp" file and change the `DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME` parameter to the following:
 
     ```config
     DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME="no"
     ```
 
-12. In "/etc/sudoers", comment out or remove the following lines if they exist:
+12. In the "/etc/sudoers" file, comment out or remove the following lines if they exist:
 
     ```text
     Defaults targetpw   # ask for the password of the target user i.e. root
@@ -103,17 +121,19 @@ As an alternative to building your own VHD, SUSE also publishes BYOS (Bring Your
 13. Ensure that the SSH server is installed and configured to start at boot time. This is usually the default.
 
 14. Swap configuration
- 
+
     Do not create swap space on the operating system disk.
 
-    Previously, the Azure Linux Agent was used automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that is attached to the virtual machine after the virtual machine is provisioned on Azure. However this is now handled by cloud-init, you **must not** use the Linux Agent to format the resource disk create the swap file, modify the following parameters in `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
+    Previously, the Azure Linux Agent was used to automatically configure swap space by using the local resource disk that is attached to the virtual machine after the virtual machine is provisioned on Azure. However this is now handled by cloud-init, you **must not** use the Linux Agent to format the resource disk or create the swap file. Use these commands to modify `/etc/waagent.conf` appropriately:
 
     ```console
-    # sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.Format=y/ResourceDisk.Format=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
-    # sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=y/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
+    sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.Format=y/ResourceDisk.Format=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
+    sed -i 's/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=y/ResourceDisk.EnableSwap=n/g' /etc/waagent.conf
     ```
 
-    If you want mount, format and create swap you can either:
+    Please see the [Linux agent configuration](/azure/virtual-machines/extensions/agent-linux#configuration) documentation for more information on the waagent.conf configuration options.
+
+    If you want to mount, format and create a swap partition you can either:
     * Pass this in as a cloud-init config every time you create a VM.
     * Use a cloud-init directive baked into the image that will do this every time the VM is created:
 
@@ -141,24 +161,27 @@ As an alternative to building your own VHD, SUSE also publishes BYOS (Bring Your
 15. Run the following commands to deprovision the virtual machine and prepare it for provisioning on Azure:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo rm -rf /var/lib/waagent/
-    # sudo rm -f /var/log/waagent.log
+    sudo -i
+    rm -rf /var/lib/waagent/
+    rm -f /var/log/waagent.log
 
-    # waagent -force -deprovision+user
-    # rm -f ~/.bash_history
+    waagent -force -deprovision+user
+    rm -f ~/.bash_history
     
 
-    # export HISTSIZE=0
+    export HISTSIZE=0
 
-    # logout
+    logout
     ```
 16. Click **Action -> Shut Down** in Hyper-V Manager. Your Linux VHD is now ready to be [**uploaded to Azure**](./upload-vhd.md#option-1-upload-a-vhd).
 
 ---
+
 ## Prepare openSUSE 15.2+
+
 1. In the center pane of Hyper-V Manager, select the virtual machine.
 2. Click **Connect** to open the window for the virtual machine.
-3. On the shell, run the command '`zypper lr`'. If this command returns output similar to the following, then the repositories are configured as expected--no adjustments are necessary (note that version numbers may vary):
+3. In a terminal, run the command '`zypper lr`'. If this command returns output similar to the following, then the repositories are configured as expected and no adjustments are necessary (note that version numbers may vary):
 
    | # | Alias                 | Name                  | Enabled | Refresh
    | - | :-------------------- | :-------------------- | :------ | :------
@@ -169,33 +192,33 @@ As an alternative to building your own VHD, SUSE also publishes BYOS (Bring Your
     If the command returns "No repositories defined..." then use the following commands to add these repos:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Cloud:Tools/openSUSE_15.2 Cloud:Tools_15.2
-    # sudo zypper ar -f https://download.opensuse.org/distribution/15.2/repo/oss openSUSE_15.2_OSS
-    # sudo zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/update/15.2 openSUSE_15.2_Updates
+    sudo zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Cloud:Tools/openSUSE_15.2 Cloud:Tools_15.2
+    sudo zypper ar -f https://download.opensuse.org/distribution/15.2/repo/oss openSUSE_15.2_OSS
+    sudo zypper ar -f http://download.opensuse.org/update/15.2 openSUSE_15.2_Updates
     ```
 
-    You can then verify the repositories have been added by running the command '`zypper lr`' again. In case one of the relevant update repositories is not enabled, enable it with following command:
+    You can then verify the repositories have been added by running the command '`zypper lr`' again. If one of the relevant update repositories is not enabled, enable it with following command:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo zypper mr -e [NUMBER OF REPOSITORY]
+    sudo zypper mr -e [NUMBER OF REPOSITORY]
     ```
 
 4. Update the kernel to the latest available version:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo zypper up kernel-default
+    sudo zypper up kernel-default
     ```
 
-    Or to update the system with all the latest patches:
+    Or to update the operating system with all the latest patches:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo zypper update
+    sudo zypper update
     ```
 
 5. Install the Azure Linux Agent.
 
     ```console
-    # sudo zypper install WALinuxAgent
+    sudo zypper install WALinuxAgent
     ```
 
 6. Modify the kernel boot line in your grub configuration to include additional kernel parameters for Azure. To do this, open "/boot/grub/menu.lst" in a text editor and ensure that the default kernel includes the following parameters:
@@ -210,13 +233,13 @@ As an alternative to building your own VHD, SUSE also publishes BYOS (Bring Your
      libata.atapi_enabled=0 reserve=0x1f0,0x8
     ```
 
-7. It is recommended to edit the file "/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp" and change the `DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME` parameter to the following:
+7. It is recommended to edit the "/etc/sysconfig/network/dhcp" file and change the `DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME` parameter to the following:
 
     ```config
      DHCLIENT_SET_HOSTNAME="no"
     ```
 
-8. **Important:** In "/etc/sudoers", comment out or remove the following lines if they exist:
+8. **Important:** In the "/etc/sudoers" file, comment out or remove the following lines if they exist:
 
     ```text
     Defaults targetpw   # ask for the password of the target user i.e. root
@@ -226,7 +249,7 @@ As an alternative to building your own VHD, SUSE also publishes BYOS (Bring Your
 9. Ensure that the SSH server is installed and configured to start at boot time.  This is usually the default.
 10. Do not create swap space on the OS disk.
 
-    The Azure Linux Agent can automatically configure swap space using the local resource disk that is attached to the VM after provisioning on Azure. Note that the local resource disk is a *temporary* disk, and might be emptied when the VM is deprovisioned. After installing the Azure Linux Agent (see previous step), modify the following parameters in /etc/waagent.conf appropriately:
+    The Azure Linux Agent can automatically configure swap space using the local resource disk that is attached to the VM after provisioning on Azure. Note that the local resource disk is a *temporary* disk, and might be emptied when the VM is deprovisioned. After installing the Azure Linux Agent (see previous step), modify the following parameters in the "/etc/waagent.conf" as follows:
 
     ```config-conf
     ResourceDisk.Format=y
@@ -239,18 +262,19 @@ As an alternative to building your own VHD, SUSE also publishes BYOS (Bring Your
 11. Run the following commands to deprovision the virtual machine and prepare it for provisioning on Azure:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo waagent -force -deprovision
-    # export HISTSIZE=0
-    # logout
+    sudo waagent -force -deprovision
+    export HISTSIZE=0
+    logout
     ```
 
 12. Ensure the Azure Linux Agent runs at startup:
 
     ```console
-    # sudo systemctl enable waagent.service
+    sudo systemctl enable waagent.service
     ```
 
 13. Click **Action -> Shut Down** in Hyper-V Manager. Your Linux VHD is now ready to be [**uploaded to Azure**](./upload-vhd.md#option-1-upload-a-vhd).
 
 ## Next steps
+
 You're now ready to use your SUSE Linux virtual hard disk to create new virtual machines in Azure. If this is the first time that you're uploading the .vhd file to Azure, see [Create a Linux VM from a custom disk](upload-vhd.md#option-1-upload-a-vhd).
