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# Ingest sensor data
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Smart agriculture, also known as precision agriculture, allows growers to maximize yields using minimal resources such as water, fertilizer, and seeds, etc. By deploying sensors, growers and research organization can begin to understand crops at a micro-scale, conserve resources, reduce impact on the environment and ultimately maximize crop yield. Sensors enable important groundtruth data (soil moisture, rainfall, wind speed etc.) and this data in turn improves accuracy of recommendations.
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Smart agriculture, also known as precision agriculture, allows growers to maximize yields by using minimal resources such as water, fertilizer, and seeds. By deploying sensors, growers and research organizations can begin to understand crops at a microscale, conserve resources, reduce impact on the environment, and maximize crop yield. Sensors enable important ground-truth data (such as soil moisture, rainfall, and wind speed). This data, in turn, improves the accuracy of recommendations.
* Airflow sensor (determines the pressure required to push a pre-determined amount of air into the ground at a prescribed depth)
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* Weather sensor
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* Location sensors, which determine latitude, longitude, and altitude
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* Electrochemical sensors, which determine pH and soil nutrients
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* Soil moisture sensors
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* Airflow sensors, which determine the pressure required to push a predetermined amount of air into the ground at a prescribed depth
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* Weather sensors
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There's a large ecosystem of sensor providers that help growers to monitor and optimize crop performance. Sensorbased data also enables an understanding of the changing environmental factors.
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There's a large ecosystem of sensor providers that help growers to monitor and optimize crop performance. Sensor-based data also enables an understanding of the changing environmental factors.
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## How sensors work
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Sensors are placed in the field based on its characteristics. Sensors record measurements and transfer the data to the connected node. Each node has one or more sensors connected to it. Nodes equipped with internet connectivity can directly push the data to cloud. Other nodes use an IOT agent to transfer data the gateway.
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Sensors are placed in a field based on its characteristics. Sensors record measurements and transfer the data to the connected node. Each node has one or more sensors connected to it. Nodes equipped with internet connectivity can directly push data to the cloud. Other nodes use an Internet of Things (IoT) agent to transfer data to the gateway.
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Gateways collect all essential data from the nodes and push it securely to the cloud via either cellular connectivity, Wi-Fi, or Ethernet. Once the data resides in a sensor partner cloud, the sensor partner pushes the relevant sensors data to the dedicated IOTHub endpoint provided by Azure Data Manager for Agriculture.
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Gateways collect all essential data from the nodes and push it securely to the cloud via cellular connectivity, Wi-Fi, or Ethernet. After the data resides in a sensor partner's cloud, the sensor partner pushes the relevant sensor data to the dedicated Azure IoT Hub endpoint that Azure Data Manager for Agriculture provides.
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In addition to the above approach, IOT devices (sensors/nodes/gateway) can directly push the data to IOTHub endpoint. In both cases, the data first reaches the IOTHub, post that the next set of processing happens.
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In addition to the preceding approach, IoT devices (sensors, nodes, and gateway) can directly push the data to the IoT Hub endpoint. In both cases, the data first reaches IoT Hub, where the next set of processing happens.
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:::image type="content" source="./media/sensor-data-flow-new.png" alt-text="Screenshot showing sensor data flow.":::
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:::image type="content" source="./media/sensor-data-flow-new.png" alt-text="Diagram that shows sensor data flow.":::
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## Sensor topology
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The following diagram depicts the topology of a sensor in Azure Data Manager for Agriculture. Each geometry under a party has a set of devices placed within it. A device can be either be a node or a gateway and each device has a set of sensors associated with it. Sensors send the recordings via gateway to the cloud. Sensors are tagged with GPS coordinates helping in creating a geospatial time series for all measured data.
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The following diagram depicts the topology of a sensor in Azure Data Manager for Agriculture. Each geometry under a party has a set of devices placed within it. A device can be either a node or a gateway, and each device has a set of sensors associated with it. Sensors send the recordings via gateway to the cloud. Sensors are tagged with GPS coordinates to help in creating a geospatial time series for all measured data.
:::image type="content" source="./media/sensor-topology-new.png" alt-text="Diagram that shows sensor topology.":::
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## Next steps
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* Learn how to [get started when you push and consume sensor data](./how-to-set-up-sensor-as-customer-and-partner.md).
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* Learn how to [get started with pushing and consuming sensor data](./how-to-set-up-sensor-as-customer-and-partner.md).
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* Learn how to [get started as a customer](./how-to-set-up-sensors-customer.md) to consume sensor data from a supported sensor partner like Davis Instruments.
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