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articles/active-directory/authentication/howto-mfa-nps-extension.md

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Look for the self-signed certificate created by the installer in the cert store, and check that the private key has permissions granted to user **NETWORK SERVICE**. The cert has a subject name of **CN \<tenantid\>, OU = Microsoft NPS Extension**
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Self-signed certificates generated by the *AzureMfaNpsExtnConfigSetup.ps1* script also have a validity lifetime of two years. When verifying that the certificate is installed, you should also check that the certificate has not expired.
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### How can I verify that my client cert is associated to my tenant in Azure Active Directory?
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Verify that https://adnotifications.windowsazure.com is reachable from the server running the NPS extension.
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-------------------------------------------------------------
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### Why is authentication not working, despite a valid certificate being present?
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If your previous computer certificate has expired, and a new certificate has been generated, you should delete any expired certificates. Having expired certificates can cause issues with the NPS Extension starting.
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To check if you have a valid certificate, check the local Computer Account's Certificate Store using MMC, and ensure the certificate has not passed its expiry date. To generate a newly valid certificate, re-run the steps under the section "[Run the PowerShell script](#run-the-powershell-script)"
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## Managing the TLS/SSL Protocols and Cipher Suites
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It is recommended that older and weaker cipher suites be disabled or removed unless required by your organization. Information on how to complete this task can be found in the article [Managing SSL/TLS Protocols and Cipher Suites for AD FS](https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/identity/ad-fs/operations/manage-ssl-protocols-in-ad-fs)

articles/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-auth-code-flow.md

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| `tenant` | required | The `{tenant}` value in the path of the request can be used to control who can sign into the application. The allowed values are `common`, `organizations`, `consumers`, and tenant identifiers. For more detail, see [protocol basics](active-directory-v2-protocols.md#endpoints). |
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| `client_id` | required | The **Application (client) ID** that the [Azure portal – App registrations](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2083908) experience assigned to your app. |
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| `response_type` | required | Must include `code` for the authorization code flow. |
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| `redirect_uri` | recommended | The redirect_uri of your app, where authentication responses can be sent and received by your app. It must exactly match one of the redirect_uris you registered in the portal, except it must be url encoded. For native & mobile apps, you should use the default value of `https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/nativeclient`. |
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| `redirect_uri` | required | The redirect_uri of your app, where authentication responses can be sent and received by your app. It must exactly match one of the redirect_uris you registered in the portal, except it must be url encoded. For native & mobile apps, you should use the default value of `https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/nativeclient`. |
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| `scope` | required | A space-separated list of [scopes](v2-permissions-and-consent.md) that you want the user to consent to. |
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| `response_mode` | recommended | Specifies the method that should be used to send the resulting token back to your app. Can be one of the following:<br/><br/>- `query`<br/>- `fragment`<br/>- `form_post`<br/><br/>`query` provides the code as a query string parameter on your redirect URI. If you're requesting an ID token using the implicit flow, you cannot use `query` as specified in the [OpenID spec](https://openid.net/specs/oauth-v2-multiple-response-types-1_0.html#Combinations). If you're requesting just the code, you can use `query`, `fragment`, or `form_post`. `form_post` executes a POST containing the code to your redirect URI. For more info, see [OpenID Connect protocol](https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/active-directory/develop/active-directory-protocols-openid-connect-code). |
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| `state` | recommended | A value included in the request that will also be returned in the token response. It can be a string of any content that you wish. A randomly generated unique value is typically used for [preventing cross-site request forgery attacks](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-10.12). The value can also encode information about the user's state in the app before the authentication request occurred, such as the page or view they were on. |
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Access_tokens are short lived, and you must refresh them after they expire to continue accessing resources. You can do so by submitting another `POST` request to the `/token` endpoint, this time providing the `refresh_token` instead of the `code`. Refresh tokens are valid for all permissions that your client has already received consent for - thus, a refresh token issued on a request for `scope=mail.read` can be used to request a new access token for `scope=api://contoso.com/api/UseResource`.
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Refresh tokens do not have specified lifetimes. Typically, the lifetimes of refresh tokens are relatively long. However, in some cases, refresh tokens expire, are revoked, or lack sufficient privileges for the desired action. Your application needs to expect and handle [errors returned by the token issuance endpoint](#error-codes-for-token-endpoint-errors) correctly. Note that refresh tokens are not revoked when used to acquire new access tokens.
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Refresh tokens do not have specified lifetimes. Typically, the lifetimes of refresh tokens are relatively long. However, in some cases, refresh tokens expire, are revoked, or lack sufficient privileges for the desired action. Your application needs to expect and handle [errors returned by the token issuance endpoint](#error-codes-for-token-endpoint-errors) correctly.
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Although refresh tokens are not revoked when used to acquire new access tokens, you are expected to discard the old refresh token. The [OAuth 2.0 spec](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-6) says: "The authorization server MAY issue a new refresh token, in which case the client MUST discard the old refresh token and replace it with the new refresh token. The authorization server MAY revoke the old refresh token after issuing a new refresh token to the client."
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```
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// Line breaks for legibility only
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client_id=6731de76-14a6-49ae-97bc-6eba6914391e
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&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fgraph.microsoft.com%2Fuser.read
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&refresh_token=OAAABAAAAiL9Kn2Z27UubvWFPbm0gLWQJVzCTE9UkP3pSx1aXxUjq...
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&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%2Fmyapp%2F
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&grant_type=refresh_token
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&client_secret=JqQX2PNo9bpM0uEihUPzyrh // NOTE: Only required for web apps
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```
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| `grant_type` | required | Must be `refresh_token` for this leg of the authorization code flow. |
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| `scope` | required | A space-separated list of scopes. The scopes requested in this leg must be equivalent to or a subset of the scopes requested in the original authorization_code request leg. If the scopes specified in this request span multiple resource server, then the v2.0 endpoint will return a token for the resource specified in the first scope. For a more detailed explanation of scopes, refer to [permissions, consent, and scopes](v2-permissions-and-consent.md). |
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| `refresh_token` | required | The refresh_token that you acquired in the second leg of the flow. |
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| `redirect_uri` | required | A `redirect_uri`registered on the client application. |
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| `client_secret` | required for web apps | The application secret that you created in the app registration portal for your app. It should not be used in a native app, because client_secrets cannot be reliably stored on devices. It is required for web apps and web APIs, which have the ability to store the client_secret securely on the server side. |
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| `client_secret` | required for web apps | The application secret that you created in the app registration portal for your app. It should not be used in a native app, because client_secrets cannot be reliably stored on devices. It is required for web apps and web APIs, which have the ability to store the client_secret securely on the server side. |
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#### Successful response
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articles/azure-stack/azure-stack-update-1902.md

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<!-- 1663805 - IS ASDK -->
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- You cannot view permissions to your subscription using the Azure Stack portals. As a workaround, use [PowerShell to verify permissions](/powershell/module/azs.subscriptions.admin/get-azssubscriptionplan).
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<!-- 4377800 - IS ASDK -->
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In the user portal, when you navigate to a blob within a storage account and try to open Access Policy from the navigation tree, the subsequent window fails to load.
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<!-- ### Health and monitoring -->
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### Compute

articles/batch/batch-ci-cd.md

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---
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articles/cognitive-services/cognitive-services-container-support.md

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Azure Cognitive Services containers provide the following set of Docker containers, each of which contains a subset of functionality from services in Azure Cognitive Services:
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| Service | Container| Description |
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|---------|----------|-------------|
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|[Computer Vision](Computer-vision/computer-vision-how-to-install-containers.md) |**Recognize Text** |Extracts printed text from images of various objects with different surfaces and backgrounds, such as receipts, posters, and business cards.<br/><br/>**Important:** The Recognize Text container currently works only with English.<br>[Request access](Computer-vision/computer-vision-how-to-install-containers.md#request-access-to-the-private-container-registry)|
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|[Face](Face/face-how-to-install-containers.md) |**Face** |Detects human faces in images, and identifies attributes, including face landmarks (such as noses and eyes), gender, age, and other machine-predicted facial features. In addition to detection, Face can check if two faces in the same image or different images are the same by using a confidence score, or compare faces against a database to see if a similar-looking or identical face already exists. It can also organize similar faces into groups, using shared visual traits.<br>[Request access](Face/face-how-to-install-containers.md#request-access-to-the-private-container-registry) |
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|[LUIS](LUIS/luis-container-howto.md) |**LUIS** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2043204))|Loads a trained or published Language Understanding model, also known as a LUIS app, into a docker container and provides access to the query predictions from the container's API endpoints. You can collect query logs from the container and upload these back to the [LUIS portal](https://www.luis.ai) to improve the app's prediction accuracy.|
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|[Text Analytics](text-analytics/how-tos/text-analytics-how-to-install-containers.md) |**Key Phrase Extraction** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2018757)) |Extracts key phrases to identify the main points. For example, for the input text "The food was delicious and there were wonderful staff", the API returns the main talking points: "food" and "wonderful staff". |
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|[Text Analytics](text-analytics/how-tos/text-analytics-how-to-install-containers.md)|**Language Detection** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2018759)) |For up to 120 languages, detects which language the input text is written in and report a single language code for every document submitted on the request. The language code is paired with a score indicating the strength of the score. |
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|[Text Analytics](text-analytics/how-tos/text-analytics-how-to-install-containers.md)|**Sentiment Analysis** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2018654)) |Analyzes raw text for clues about positive or negative sentiment. This API returns a sentiment score between 0 and 1 for each document, where 1 is the most positive. The analysis models are pre-trained using an extensive body of text and natural language technologies from Microsoft. For [selected languages](./text-analytics/language-support.md), the API can analyze and score any raw text that you provide, directly returning results to the calling application. |
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| Service | Supported Pricing Tier | Container | Description |
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|---------|----------|----------|-------------|
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|[Computer Vision](Computer-vision/computer-vision-how-to-install-containers.md) |F0, S1|**Recognize Text** |Extracts printed text from images of various objects with different surfaces and backgrounds, such as receipts, posters, and business cards.<br/><br/>**Important:** The Recognize Text container currently works only with English.<br>[Request access](Computer-vision/computer-vision-how-to-install-containers.md#request-access-to-the-private-container-registry)|
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|[Face](Face/face-how-to-install-containers.md) |F0, S0|**Face** |Detects human faces in images, and identifies attributes, including face landmarks (such as noses and eyes), gender, age, and other machine-predicted facial features. In addition to detection, Face can check if two faces in the same image or different images are the same by using a confidence score, or compare faces against a database to see if a similar-looking or identical face already exists. It can also organize similar faces into groups, using shared visual traits.<br>[Request access](Face/face-how-to-install-containers.md#request-access-to-the-private-container-registry) |
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|[LUIS](LUIS/luis-container-howto.md) |F0, S0|**LUIS** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2043204))|Loads a trained or published Language Understanding model, also known as a LUIS app, into a docker container and provides access to the query predictions from the container's API endpoints. You can collect query logs from the container and upload these back to the [LUIS portal](https://www.luis.ai) to improve the app's prediction accuracy.|
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|[Text Analytics](text-analytics/how-tos/text-analytics-how-to-install-containers.md) |F0, S|**Key Phrase Extraction** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2018757)) |Extracts key phrases to identify the main points. For example, for the input text "The food was delicious and there were wonderful staff", the API returns the main talking points: "food" and "wonderful staff". |
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|[Text Analytics](text-analytics/how-tos/text-analytics-how-to-install-containers.md)|F0, S|**Language Detection** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2018759)) |For up to 120 languages, detects which language the input text is written in and report a single language code for every document submitted on the request. The language code is paired with a score indicating the strength of the score. |
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|[Text Analytics](text-analytics/how-tos/text-analytics-how-to-install-containers.md)|F0, S|**Sentiment Analysis** ([image](https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2018654)) |Analyzes raw text for clues about positive or negative sentiment. This API returns a sentiment score between 0 and 1 for each document, where 1 is the most positive. The analysis models are pre-trained using an extensive body of text and natural language technologies from Microsoft. For [selected languages](./text-analytics/language-support.md), the API can analyze and score any raw text that you provide, directly returning results to the calling application. |
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In addition, containers are supported in Cognitive Services [All-In-One offering](https://azure.microsoft.com/pricing/details/cognitive-services/). You can create one single Cognitive Services All-In-One resource and use the same billing key for all the container types mentioned above.
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## Container availability in Azure Cognitive Services
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articles/data-lake-analytics/data-lake-analytics-data-lake-tools-data-skew-solutions.md

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If you cannot find an appropriate key for partition and distribution, you can try to use round-robin distribution. Round-robin distribution treats all rows equally and randomly puts them into corresponding buckets. The data gets evenly distributed, but it loses locality information, a drawback that can also reduce job performance for some operations. Additionally, if you are doing aggregation for the skewed key anyway, the data-skew problem will persist. To learn more about round-robin distribution, see the U-SQL Table Distributions section in [CREATE TABLE (U-SQL): Creating a Table with Schema](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/mt706196.aspx#dis_sch).
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If you cannot find an appropriate key for partition and distribution, you can try to use round-robin distribution. Round-robin distribution treats all rows equally and randomly puts them into corresponding buckets. The data gets evenly distributed, but it loses locality information, a drawback that can also reduce job performance for some operations. Additionally, if you are doing aggregation for the skewed key anyway, the data-skew problem will persist. To learn more about round-robin distribution, see the U-SQL Table Distributions section in [CREATE TABLE (U-SQL): Creating a Table with Schema](/u-sql/ddl/tables/create/managed/create-table-u-sql-creating-a-table-with-schema#dis_sch).
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## Solution 2: Improve the query plan
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### Option 1: Use the CREATE STATISTICS statement
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U-SQL provides the CREATE STATISTICS statement on tables. This statement gives more information to the query optimizer about the data characteristics, such as value distribution, that are stored in a table. For most queries, the query optimizer already generates the necessary statistics for a high-quality query plan. Occasionally, you might need to improve query performance by creating additional statistics with CREATE STATISTICS or by modifying the query design. For more information, see the [CREATE STATISTICS (U-SQL)](https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/azure/mt771898.aspx) page.
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U-SQL provides the CREATE STATISTICS statement on tables. This statement gives more information to the query optimizer about the data characteristics, such as value distribution, that are stored in a table. For most queries, the query optimizer already generates the necessary statistics for a high-quality query plan. Occasionally, you might need to improve query performance by creating additional statistics with CREATE STATISTICS or by modifying the query design. For more information, see the [CREATE STATISTICS (U-SQL)](/u-sql/ddl/statistics/create-statistics) page.
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Code example:
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articles/data-lake-analytics/data-lake-analytics-data-lake-tools-develop-usql-database.md

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U-SQL database provides structured views over unstructured data and managed structured data in tables. It also provides a general metadata catalog system for organizing your structured data and custom code. The database is the concept that groups these related objects together.
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Learn more about [U-SQL database and Data Definition Language (DDL)](https://msdn.microsoft.com/azure/data-lake-analytics/u-sql/data-definition-language-ddl-statements-u-sql).
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Learn more about [U-SQL database and Data Definition Language (DDL)](/u-sql/data-definition-language-ddl-statements).
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The U-SQL database project is a project type in Visual Studio that helps developers develop, manage, and deploy their U-SQL databases quickly and easily.
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