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articles/virtual-network/ip-services/virtual-network-public-ip-address.md

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ms.service: virtual-network
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ms.subservice: ip-services
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ms.topic: conceptual
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ms.date: 11/14/2022
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ms.date: 11/16/2022
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ms.author: allensu
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ms.custom: FY23 content-maintenance
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---
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Learn about a public IP address and how to create, change, and delete one. A public IP address is a resource with configurable settings.
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When you assign a public IP address to an Azure resource, you enable the following:
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When you assign a public IP address to an Azure resource, you enable the following operations:
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- Inbound communication from the Internet to the resource, such as Azure Virtual Machines (VM), Azure Application Gateways, Azure Load Balancers, Azure VPN Gateways, and others.
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|Setting|Required?|Details|
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|---|---|---|
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|IP Version|Yes| Select **IPv4** or **IPv6** or **Both**. Selection of **Both** results in in two public IP addresses created, one IPv4 and one IPv6. For more information, [Overview of IPv6 for Azure Virtual Network](ipv6-overview.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-network%2ftoc.json).|
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|SKU|Yes|All public IP addresses created before the introduction of SKUs are **Basic** SKU public IP addresses. You cannot change the SKU after the public IP address is created. </br></br>A standalone virtual machine, virtual machines within an availability set, or virtual machine scale sets can use Basic or Standard SKUs. Mixing SKUs between virtual machines within availability sets or scale sets or standalone VMs isn't allowed.</br></br> **Basic**: Basic public IP addresses don't support Availability zones. The **Availability zone** setting is set to **None** by default if the public IP address is created in a region that supports availability zones. </br></br> **Standard**: Standard public IP addresses can be associated to Azure resources that support public IPs, such as virtual machines, load balancers, and Azure Firewall. The **Availability zone** setting is set to **Zone-redundant** by default if the IP address is created in a region that supports availability zones. For more information about availability zones, see the **Availability zone** setting. </br></br>The standard SKU is required if you associate the address to a standard load balancer. For more information about standard load balancers, see [Azure load balancer standard SKU](../../load-balancer/load-balancer-overview.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-network%2ftoc.json). </br></br> When you assign a standard SKU public IP address to a virtual machine's network interface, you must explicitly allow the intended traffic with a [network security group](../../virtual-network/network-security-groups-overview.md#network-security-groups). Communication with the resource fails until you create and associate a network security group and explicitly allow the desired traffic.|
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|IP Version|Yes| Select **IPv4** or **IPv6** or **Both**. Selection of **Both** results in two public IP addresses created, one IPv4 and one IPv6. For more information, [Overview of IPv6 for Azure Virtual Network](ipv6-overview.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-network%2ftoc.json).|
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|SKU|Yes|All public IP addresses created before the introduction of SKUs are **Basic** SKU public IP addresses. You can't change the SKU after the public IP address is created. </br></br>A standalone virtual machine, virtual machines within an availability set, or Virtual Machine Scale Sets can use Basic or Standard SKUs. Mixing SKUs between virtual machines within availability sets or scale sets or standalone VMs isn't allowed.</br></br> **Basic**: Basic public IP addresses don't support Availability zones. The **Availability zone** setting is set to **None** by default if the public IP address is created in a region that supports availability zones. </br></br> **Standard**: Standard public IP addresses can be associated to Azure resources that support public IPs, such as virtual machines, load balancers, and Azure Firewall. The **Availability zone** setting is set to **Zone-redundant** by default if the IP address is created in a region that supports availability zones. For more information about availability zones, see the **Availability zone** setting. </br></br>The standard SKU is required if you associate the address to a standard load balancer. For more information about standard load balancers, see [Azure load balancer standard SKU](../../load-balancer/load-balancer-overview.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-network%2ftoc.json). </br></br> When you assign a standard SKU public IP address to a virtual machine's network interface, you must explicitly allow the intended traffic with a [network security group](../../virtual-network/network-security-groups-overview.md#network-security-groups). Communication with the resource fails until you create and associate a network security group and explicitly allow the desired traffic.|
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|Tier|Yes|Indicates if the IP address is associated with a region **(Regional)** or is *"anycast"* from multiple regions **(Global)**. </br></br> *A **Global tier** IP is preview functionality for Standard SKU IP addresses, and currently only utilized for the Cross-region Azure Load Balancer*.|
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|Name|Yes|The name must be unique within the resource group you select.|
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|IP address assignment|Yes|**Dynamic:** Dynamic addresses are assigned after a public IP address is associated to an Azure resource and is started for the first time. Dynamic addresses can change if a resource such as a virtual machine is stopped (deallocated) and then restarted through Azure. The address remains the same if a virtual machine is rebooted or stopped from within the guest OS. When a public IP address resource is removed from a resource, the dynamic address is released.<br></br> **Static:** Static addresses are assigned when a public IP address is created. Static addresses aren't released until a public IP address resource is deleted. <br></br> *If you select **IPv6** for the **IP version**, the assignment method must be *Dynamic* for Basic SKU. Standard SKU addresses are *Static* for both IPv4 and IPv6.* |
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|Routing preference |Yes| By default, the routing preference for public IP addresses is set to **Microsoft network**. The **Microsoft network** setting delivers traffic over Microsoft's global wide area network to the user. </br></br> The selection of **Internet** minimizes travel on Microsoft's network. The **Internet** setting uses the transit ISP network to deliver traffic at a cost-optimized rate. A public IP addresses routing preference can’t be changed once created. For more information on routing preference, see [What is routing preference (preview)?](routing-preference-overview.md). |
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|Idle timeout (minutes)|No| The number of minutes to keep a TCP or HTTP connection open without relying on clients to send keep-alive messages. If you select IPv6 for **IP Version**, this value is set to 4 minutes and cannot be changed. |
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|Idle timeout (minutes)|No| The number of minutes to keep a TCP or HTTP connection open without relying on clients to send keep-alive messages. If you select IPv6 for **IP Version**, this value is set to 4 minutes, and can't be changed. |
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|DNS name label|No|Must be unique within the Azure location you create the name in across all subscriptions and all customers. Azure automatically registers the name and IP address in its DNS so you can connect to a resource with the name. </br></br> Azure appends a default subnet such as **location.cloudapp.azure.com** to the name you provide to create the fully qualified DNS name. If you choose to create both address versions, the same DNS name is assigned to both the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. Azure's default DNS contains both IPv4 A and IPv6 AAAA name records. </br></br> The default DNS responds with both records during DNS lookup. The client chooses which address (IPv4 or IPv6) to communicate with. You can use the Azure DNS service to configure a DNS name with a custom suffix that resolves to the public IP address. </br></br>For more information, see [Use Azure DNS with an Azure public IP address](../../dns/dns-custom-domain.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-network%2ftoc.json#public-ip-address).|
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|Name (Only visible if you select IP Version of **Both**)|Yes, if you select IP Version of **Both**|The name must be different than the name you entered perviously for **Name** in this list. If you create both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address, the portal creates two separate public IP address resources. The deployment creates one IPv4 address and one IPv6 address.|
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|Name (Only visible if you select IP Version of **Both**)|Yes, if you select IP Version of **Both**|The name must be different than the name you entered previously for **Name** in this list. If you create both an IPv4 and an IPv6 address, the portal creates two separate public IP address resources. The deployment creates one IPv4 address and one IPv6 address.|
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|IP address assignment (Only visible if you select IP Version of **Both**)|Yes, if you select IP Version of **Both**| Same restrictions as IP address assignment above. |
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|Subscription|Yes|Must exist in the same [subscription](../../azure-glossary-cloud-terminology.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-network%2ftoc.json#subscription) as the resource to which you'll associate the public IPs.|
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|Resource group|Yes|Can exist in the same, or different, [resource group](../../azure-glossary-cloud-terminology.md?toc=%2fazure%2fvirtual-network%2ftoc.json#resource-group) as the resource to which you'll associate the public IPs.|
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## Virtual Machine Scale Sets
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When using a virtual machine scale set with public IPs, there aren't separate public IP objects associated with the individual virtual machine instances. However, a public IP prefix object [can be used to generate the instance IPs](https://azure.microsoft.com/resources/templates/vmss-with-public-ip-prefix/).
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There aren't separate public IP objects associated with the individual virtual machine instances for a Virtual Machine Scale Set with public IPs. A public IP prefix object [can be used to generate the instance IPs](https://azure.microsoft.com/resources/templates/vmss-with-public-ip-prefix/).
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To list the Public IPs on a virtual machine scale set, you can use PowerShell ([Get-AzPublicIpAddress -VirtualMachineScaleSetName](/powershell/module/az.network/get-azpublicipaddress)) or CLI ([az virtual machine scale set list-instance-public-ips](/cli/azure/vmss#az-vmss-list-instance-public-ips)).
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To list the Public IPs on a Virtual Machine Scale Set, you can use PowerShell ([Get-AzPublicIpAddress -VirtualMachineScaleSetName](/powershell/module/az.network/get-azpublicipaddress)) or CLI ([az Virtual Machine Scale Set list-instance-public-ips](/cli/azure/vmss#az-vmss-list-instance-public-ips)).
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For more information, see [Networking for Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets](../../virtual-machine-scale-sets/virtual-machine-scale-sets-networking.md#public-ipv4-per-virtual-machine).
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