edit pass: linux-article-batch1

Author: paulth1

articles/virtual-machines/linux/create-upload-centos.md

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
    ```
 
-    > [!Note]
+    > [!NOTE]
     > The rest of this article assumes that you're using at least the `[openlogic]` repo, which is used to install the Azure Linux agent.
 
 1. Add the following line to `/etc/yum.conf`:
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
 
     A reboot might be required after running this command.
 
-1. (Optional) Install the drivers for the Linux Integration Services (LIS).
+1. Optional: Install the drivers for the Linux Integration Services (LIS).
 
     > [!IMPORTANT]
     > The step is *required* for CentOS 6.3 and earlier and is optional for later releases.
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
 
     Graphical and `quiet boot` isn't useful in a cloud environment where you want all the logs to be sent to the serial port. The `crashkernel` option can be left configured if you want. But this parameter reduces the amount of available memory in the VM by 128 MB or more, which might be a problem for smaller VM sizes.
 
-    > [!Important]
+    > [!IMPORTANT]
     > CentOS 6.5 and earlier must also set the kernel parameter `numa=off`. For more information, see Red Hat [KB 436883](https://access.redhat.com/solutions/436883).
 
 1. Ensure that the Secure Shell server is installed and configured to start at boot time. This setting is usually the default.
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ This article assumes that you already installed a CentOS (or similar derivative)
 
 ## CentOS 7.0+
 
-Follow the steps in the following sections if you're using CentOS 7.0+.
+Follow the steps in the next sections if you're using CentOS 7.0+.
 
 ### Changes in CentOS 7 (and similar derivatives)
 

articles/virtual-machines/linux/debian-create-upload-vhd.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
-title: Prepare an Debian Linux VHD 
-description: Learn how to create Debian VHD images for VM deployments in Azure.
+title: Prepare a Debian Linux VHD 
+description: Learn how to create Debian VHD images for virtual machine deployments in Azure.
 author: srijang
 ms.service: virtual-machines
 ms.custom: linux-related-content
@@ -10,25 +10,28 @@ ms.date: 05/01/2024
 ms.author: maries
 ms.reviewer: mattmcinnes
 ---
+
 # Prepare a Debian VHD for Azure
 
-**Applies to:** :heavy_check_mark: Linux VMs :heavy_check_mark: Flexible scale sets 
+**Applies to:** :heavy_check_mark: Linux VMs :heavy_check_mark: Flexible scale sets
 
 ## Prerequisites
-This section assumes that you have already installed a Debian Linux operating system from an .iso file downloaded from the [Debian website](https://www.debian.org/distrib/) to a virtual hard disk. Multiple tools exist to create .vhd files; Hyper-V is only one example. For instructions using Hyper-V, see [Install the Hyper-V Role and Configure a Virtual Machine](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh846766(v=ws.11)).
+
+This section assumes that you already installed a Debian Linux operating system from an .iso file downloaded from the [Debian website](https://www.debian.org/distrib/) to a virtual hard disk (VHD). Multiple tools exist to create .vhd files. Hyper-V is only one example. For instructions on using Hyper-V, see [Install the Hyper-V role and configure a virtual machine (VM)](/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh846766(v=ws.11)).
 
 ## Installation notes
-* See also [General Linux Installation Notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes) for more tips on preparing Linux for Azure.
-* The newer VHDX format is not supported in Azure. You can convert the disk to VHD format using Hyper-V Manager or the **convert-vhd** cmdlet.
-* When installing the Linux system, it is recommended that you use standard partitions rather than LVM (often the default for many installations). This will avoid LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) may be used on data disks if preferred.
-* Do not configure a swap partition on the OS disk. The Azure Linux agent can be configured to create a swap file on the temporary resource disk. More information can be found in the steps below.
-* All VHDs on Azure must have a virtual size aligned to 1MB. When converting from a raw disk to VHD, you must ensure that the raw disk size is a multiple of 1MB before conversion. For more information, see [Linux Installation Notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes).
+
+* For more tips on preparing Linux for Azure, see [General Linux installation notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes).
+* The newer VHDX format isn't supported in Azure. You can convert the disk to VHD format by using Hyper-V Manager or the `convert-vhd` cmdlet.
+* When you install the Linux system, we recommend that you use standard partitions rather than Logical Volume Manager (LVM), which is often the default for many installations. Using partitions avoids LVM name conflicts with cloned VMs, particularly if an OS disk ever needs to be attached to another VM for troubleshooting. [LVM](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-lvm) or [RAID](/previous-versions/azure/virtual-machines/linux/configure-raid) may also be used on data disks.
+* Don't configure a swap partition on the OS disk. The Azure Linux agent can be configured to create a swap file on the temporary resource disk. More information can be found in the following steps.
+* All VHDs on Azure must have a virtual size aligned to 1 MB. When you convert from a raw disk to VHD, you must ensure that the raw disk size is a multiple of 1 MB before conversion. For more information, see [Linux installation notes](create-upload-generic.md#general-linux-installation-notes).
 
 ## Prepare a Debian image for Azure
 
-You can create the base Azure Debian Cloud image with the [FAI cloud image builder](https://salsa.debian.org/cloud-team/debian-cloud-images).
+You can create the base Azure Debian cloud image with the [fully automatic installation (FAI) cloud image builder](https://salsa.debian.org/cloud-team/debian-cloud-images).
 
-(The following git clone and apt install commands were pulled from the Debian Cloud Images repo) Start by cloning the repo and installing dependencies:
+The following git clone and apt installation commands were pulled from the Debian cloud images repo. Start by cloning the repo and installing dependencies:
 
 ```
 $ git clone https://salsa.debian.org/cloud-team/debian-cloud-images.git
@@ -38,11 +41,9 @@ $ sudo apt install --no-install-recommends ca-certificates debsums dosfstools \
 $ cd ./debian-cloud-images
 ```
 
-(Optional) Customize the build by adding scripts (e.g. shell scripts) to `./config_space/scripts/AZURE`.
+Optional: Customize the build by adding scripts (for example, shell scripts) to `./config_space/scripts/AZURE`.
 
-
-
-## An example of a script to customize the image is:
+## Script example to customize the image
 
 ```
 $ mkdir -p ./config_space/scripts/AZURE
@@ -54,19 +55,17 @@ EOF
 $ sudo chmod 755 ./config_space/scripts/AZURE/10-custom
 ```
 
-Note that it is important to prefix any commands you want to have customizing the image with `$ROOTCMD` as this is aliased as `chroot $target`.
-
+Prefix any commands you want to have customizing the image with `$ROOTCMD`. It's aliased as `chroot $target`.
 
-## Build the Azure Debian image:
+## Build the Azure Debian image
 
 ```
 $ make image_[release]_azure_amd64
 ```
 
+This command outputs a handful of files in the current directory, most notably the `image_[release]_azure_amd64.raw` image file.
 
-This will output a handful of files in the current directory, most notably the `image_[release]_azure_amd64.raw` image file.
-
-To convert the raw image to VHD for Azure, you can do the following:
+To convert the raw image to VHD for Azure, use the following commands:
 
 ```
 rawdisk="image_[release]_azure_amd64.raw"
@@ -85,21 +84,23 @@ sudo qemu-img resize "$rawdisk" $rounded_size
 qemu-img convert -f raw -o subformat=fixed,force_size -O vpc "$rawdisk" "$vhddisk"
 ```
 
+This process creates a VHD `image_[release]_azure_amd64.vhd` with a rounded size so that it can be copied successfully to an Azure Disk.
 
-This creates a VHD `image_[release]_azure_amd64.vhd` with a rounded size to be able to copy it successfully to an Azure Disk.
-
->[!Note]
+>[!NOTE]
 > Rather than cloning the salsa repository and building images locally, current stable images can be built and downloaded from [FAI](https://fai-project.org/FAIme/cloud/).
 
-After creating a stable Debian vhd image, before uploading verify the following packages are installed:
+After you create a stable Debian VHD image and before you upload, verify that the following packages are installed:
+
 * apt-get install hyperv-daemons
-* apt-get install waagent # *optional but recommended for password resets and the use of extensions*
+* apt-get install waagent # *(Optional but recommended for password resets and the use of extensions)*
 * apt-get install cloud-init
 
 Then perform a full upgrade:
+
 * apt-get full-upgrade
 
-Now the Azure resources must be created for this image (this uses the `$rounded_size_adjusted` variable, so it should be from within the same shell process from above).
+Now the Azure resources must be created for this image. This example uses the `$rounded_size_adjusted` variable, so it should be from within the same shell process from the preceding step.
+
 ```
 az group create -l $LOCATION -n $RG
 
@@ -138,16 +139,15 @@ az vm create \
         --query id -o tsv)
 ```
 
+If the bandwidth from your local machine to the Azure Disk is causing a long time to process the upload with `azcopy`, you can use an Azure VM jumpbox to speed up the process. Here's how this process can be done:
 
->[!Note]
-> If the bandwidth from your local machine to the Azure Disk is causing a long time to process the upload with azcopy, you can use an Azure VM jumpbox to speed up the process. Here's how this can be done:
->
->1. Create a tarball of the VHD on your local machine: `tar -czvf ./image_buster_azure_amd64.vhd.tar.gz ./image_[release]_azure_amd64.vhd`.
->2. Create an Azure Linux VM (distro of your choice). Make sure that you create it with a large enough disk to hold the extracted VHD!
->3. Download the azcopy utility to the Azure Linux VM. It can be retrieved from [here](../../storage/common/storage-use-azcopy-v10.md#download-azcopy).
->4. Copy the tarball to the VM: `scp ./image_buster_azure_amd64.vhd.tar.gz <vm>:~`.
->5. On the VM, extract the VHD: `tar -xf ./image_buster_azure_amd64.vhd.tar.gz` (this will take a bit of time given the size of the file).
->6. Finally on the VM, copy the VHD to the Azure Disk with `azcopy` (the command from above).
+1. Create a tarball of the VHD on your local machine: `tar -czvf ./image_buster_azure_amd64.vhd.tar.gz ./image_[release]_azure_amd64.vhd`.
+1. Create an Azure Linux VM (distro of your choice). Make sure that you create it with a large-enough disk to hold the extracted VHD.
+1. Download the `azcopy` utility to the Azure Linux VM. You can retrieve it from [Get started with AzCopy](../../storage/common/storage-use-azcopy-v10.md#download-azcopy).
+1. Copy the tarball to the VM: `scp ./image_buster_azure_amd64.vhd.tar.gz <vm>:~`.
+1. On the VM, extract the VHD: `tar -xf ./image_buster_azure_amd64.vhd.tar.gz`. This step takes a bit of time based on the size of the file.
+1. Finally, on the VM, copy the VHD to the Azure Disk with `azcopy` (the preceding command).
 
+## Related content
 
-**Next steps:** You're now ready to use your Debian Linux virtual hard disk to create new virtual machines in Azure. If this is the first time that you're uploading the .vhd file to Azure, see [Create a Linux VM from a custom disk](./upload-vhd.md#option-1-upload-a-vhd).
+You're now ready to use your Debian Linux VHD to create new VMs in Azure. If this is the first time that you're uploading the .vhd file to Azure, see [Create a Linux VM from a custom disk](./upload-vhd.md#option-1-upload-a-vhd).