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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: articles/active-directory/authentication/concept-certificate-based-authentication-technical-deep-dive.md
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## Certificate-based authentication is MFA capable
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Azure AD CBA is an MFA (Multi factor authentication) capable method, that is Azure AD CBA can be either Single (SF) or Multi-factor (MF) depending on the tenant configuration. Enabling CBA for a user indicates the user is potentially capable of MFA. This means a user may need additional configuration to proof up to register other authentication methods when the user is in scope for CBA.
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Azure AD CBA is an MFA (Multi factor authentication) capable method, that is Azure AD CBA can be either Single (SF) or Multi-factor (MF) depending on the tenant configuration. Enabling CBA for a user indicates the user is potentially capable of MFA. This means a user may need additional configuration to get MFA and proof up to register other authentication methods when the user is in scope for CBA.
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This can happen when:
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If CBA enabled user only has a Single Factor (SF) certificate
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To unblock user:
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1. Use Password + SF certificate.
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If CBA enabled user only has a Single Factor (SF) certificate and need MFA
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1. Use Password + SF certificate.
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1. Issue Temporary Access Pass (TAP)
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1. Admin adds Phone Number to user account and allows Voice/SMS method for user.
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If CBA enabled user but has not yet been issued a certificate
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To unblock user:
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If CBA enabled user has not yet been issued a certificate and need MFA
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1. Issue Temporary Access Pass (TAP)
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1. Admin adds Phone Number to user account and allows Voice/SMS method for user.
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If CBA enabled user cannot use MF cert (such as on mobile device without smart card support)
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To unblock user:
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If CBA enabled user cannot use MF cert (such as on mobile device without smart card support) and need MFA
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1. Issue Temporary Access Pass (TAP)
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1. User Register another MFA method (when user can use MF cert)
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1. Use Password + MF cert (when user can use MF cert)
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1. Admin adds Phone Number to user account and allows Voice/SMS method for user
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## MFA with Single-factor certificate-based authentication
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Azure AD CBA can be used as a second factor to meet MFA requirements with single-factor certificates. The supported combintaions are
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