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azure-sql/database/features-comparison.md

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author: danimir
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ms.author: danil
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ms.reviewer: wiassaf, bonova, mathoma, danil
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ms.date: 12/31/2024
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ms.date: 03/13/2025
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ms.service: azure-sql
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ms.subservice: service-overview
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ms.topic: conceptual
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| [Cross-database transactions](/sql/relational-databases/linked-servers/linked-servers-database-engine) | No | Yes, within the instance. See [Linked server differences](../managed-instance/transact-sql-tsql-differences-sql-server.md#linked-servers) for cross-instance queries. |
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| [Database mail - DbMail](/sql/relational-databases/database-mail/database-mail) | No | Yes |
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| [Database mirroring](/sql/database-engine/database-mirroring/database-mirroring-sql-server) (deprecated) | No | No |
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| [Database mirroring in Microsoft Fabric](/fabric/database/mirrored-database/overview) | Yes | No |
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| [Database mirroring in Microsoft Fabric](/fabric/database/mirrored-database/overview) | Yes | Yes |
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| [Database snapshots](/sql/relational-databases/databases/database-snapshots-sql-server) | No | No |
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| [Database virtualization](../managed-instance/data-virtualization-overview.md) | No | Yes |
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| [DBCC statements](/sql/t-sql/database-console-commands/dbcc-transact-sql) | Most, see individual statements | Yes, see [DBCC differences](../managed-instance/transact-sql-tsql-differences-sql-server.md#dbcc) |

azure-sql/database/in-memory-oltp-overview.md

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author: WilliamDAssafMSFT
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ms.date: 09/19/2024
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ms.date: 03/13/2025
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ms.subservice: performance
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ms.topic: concept-article
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### <a id="changing-service-tiers-of-databases-that-use-in-memory-oltp-technologies"></a> Change service tiers of databases that use In-Memory OLTP technologies
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In-Memory OLTP isn't supported in the General Purpose, Standard, and Basic service tiers of Azure SQL Database. Therefore, it isn't possible to scale a database that has any In-Memory OLTP objects to one of these tiers. If you want to scale a database to one of these service tiers, remove all memory-optimized tables and table types as well as all natively compiled T-SQL modules, or convert them to disk-based objects and regular T-SQL modules.
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In-Memory OLTP isn't supported in the General Purpose, Standard, and Basic service tiers of Azure SQL Database. Therefore, it isn't possible to scale or [restore](#restore-a-database-with-in-memory-oltp-objects) a database that has any In-Memory OLTP objects to one of these tiers. If you want to scale a database to one of these service tiers, remove all memory-optimized tables and table types as well as all natively compiled T-SQL modules, or convert them to disk-based objects and regular T-SQL modules.
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When you scale down a Business Critical or a Premium database, data in the memory-optimized tables must fit within the In-Memory OLTP storage that is available in the destination service objective of the database or elastic pool. If you try to scale down the database or elastic pool, or move a database into an elastic pool, and the destination service objective doesn't have enough available In-Memory OLTP storage, the operation fails.
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SELECT * FROM sys.sql_modules WHERE uses_native_compilation = 1;
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```
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### Restore a database with In-Memory OLTP objects
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If you created any [In-Memory OLTP](in-memory-oltp-overview.md#in-memory-oltp) objects in a database and want to [restore the database](recovery-using-backups.md), you must use the Business Critical or Premium service tiers for the restored database. This applies even if you deleted all In-Memory OLTP objects before the restore point-in-time.
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To make future automatic backups of the database restorable in other service tiers after all In-Memory OLTP objects are deleted, follow this procedure:
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1. Scale the database to the General Purpose, Standard, or Basic service tier.
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1. If required, scale the database back to the Business Critical or Premium service tier, or to the Hyperscale service tier.
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## In-memory columnstore
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In-memory columnstore technology is enabling you to store and query a large amount of data in the tables. Columnstore technology uses column-based data storage format and batch query processing to achieve gain up to 10 times the query performance in OLAP workloads over traditional row-oriented storage. You can also achieve gains up to 10 times the data compression over the uncompressed data size.

azure-sql/database/recovery-using-backups.md

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author: dnethi
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ms.date: 02/03/2025
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ms.date: 03/13/2025
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ms.subservice: backup-restore
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ms.topic: how-to
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- The size of the database
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- The compute size of the database
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- The number of transaction logs involved
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- The size of the transaction log backups involved
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- The amount of activity that needs to be replayed to recover to the restore point
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- The network bandwidth if the restore is to a different region
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- The number of concurrent restore requests that are processed in the target region
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For a large or very active database, the restore might take several hours. A prolonged outage in a region might cause a high number of geo-restore requests for disaster recovery. When there are many requests, the recovery time for individual databases can increase. For information on recovery times, see [RTO and RPO](business-continuity-high-availability-disaster-recover-hadr-overview.md?view=azuresql-db&preserve-view=true#rto-and-rpo).
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For a large or very active database in the service tiers other than [Hyperscale](service-tier-hyperscale.md), the restore might take several hours. A prolonged outage in a region might cause a high number of geo-restore requests for disaster recovery. When there are many requests, the recovery time for individual databases can increase. For information on recovery times, see [RTO and RPO](business-continuity-high-availability-disaster-recover-hadr-overview.md?view=azuresql-db&preserve-view=true#rto-and-rpo).
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For a single subscription, you have the following limitations on the number of concurrent restore requests. These limitations apply to any combination of point-in-time restores, geo-restores, and restores from long-term retention backup.
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> - You can't perform a point-in-time restore on a geo-secondary database. You can do so only on a primary database.
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> - The `BackupFrequency` parameter isn't supported for Hyperscale databases.
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> - Database restore operations are resource-intensive and might require a service tier of S3 or greater for the restoring (target) database. Once restore completes, the database or elastic pool might be scaled down, if required.
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> - If you created any [In-Memory OLTP](in-memory-oltp-overview.md#in-memory-oltp) objects in a database in the Business Critical or Premium service tiers, then you must use the Business Critical or Premium service tiers for the restored database. For more information, see [Restore a database with In-Memory OLTP objects](in-memory-oltp-overview.md#restore-a-database-with-in-memory-oltp-objects).
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- **Database replacement**
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azure-sql/managed-instance/free-offer.md

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---
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title: Try for free (preview)
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description: Learn how to deploy a free Azure SQL Managed Instance.
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author: Urosran
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ms.author: urandjelovic
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author: vladai78
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ms.author: vladiv
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azure-sql/managed-instance/instance-create-quickstart.md

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title: "Quickstart: Create Azure SQL Managed Instance"
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description: Create Azure SQL Managed Instance by using the Azure portal, PowerShell, and the Azure CLI.
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azure-sql/managed-instance/instance-create-terraform.md

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title: "Quickstart: Create managed instance with Terraform"
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docs/includes/entra-id-tutorial.md

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- The server and instance enabled by Azure Arc. For more information, see [Connect your SQL Server to Azure Arc](../sql-server/azure-arc/connect.md).
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- Access to Microsoft Entra ID is available for authentication purpose. For more information, see [Microsoft Entra authentication for SQL Server](../relational-databases/security/authentication-access/azure-ad-authentication-sql-server-overview.md).
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- [SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)](../ssms/download-sql-server-management-studio-ssms.md) version 18.0 or higher is installed on the client machine. Or download the latest [Azure Data Studio](/azure-data-studio/download-azure-data-studio).
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- A supported certificate.
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Microsoft Entra ID supports CSP certificates. Entra ID does not support CNG certificates.
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### Authentication prerequisites
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> [!NOTE]
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> Extended functionality has been implemented in Azure to allow the automatic creation of the Azure Key Vault certificate and Microsoft Entra application during setting up a Microsoft Entra admin for the SQL Server. For more information, see [Tutorial: Using automation to set up the Microsoft Entra admin for SQL Server](../relational-databases/security/authentication-access/azure-ad-authentication-sql-server-automation-setup-tutorial.md).
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> You can use Azure to automatically create the Azure Key Vault certificate and Microsoft Entra application when you set up a Microsoft Entra admin for the server. For more information, see [Tutorial: Using automation to set up the Microsoft Entra admin for SQL Server](../relational-databases/security/authentication-access/azure-ad-authentication-sql-server-automation-setup-tutorial.md).
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- Microsoft Entra application registration for SQL Server. Registering a SQL Server instance as a Microsoft Entra application allows the instance to query Microsoft Entra ID, and allows the Microsoft Entra application to authenticate on behalf of the SQL Server instance. Application registration also requires a few permissions, which are used by SQL Server for certain queries.
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docs/linux/sql-server-linux-release-notes-2022.md

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## Latest versions for all packages
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This section lists the latest versions of each package per distribution, for [!INCLUDE [ssSQL22](../includes/sssql22-md.md)]. The following table shows the most recent release, which is **CU 17**. For full release history, see [Release history for [!INCLUDE [ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] 2022](/troubleshoot/sql/linux/release-history-2022).
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This section lists the latest versions of each package per distribution, for [!INCLUDE [ssSQL22](../includes/sssql22-md.md)]. The following table shows the most recent release, which is **CU 18**. For full release history, see [Release history for [!INCLUDE [ssNoVersion](../includes/ssnoversion-md.md)] 2022](/troubleshoot/sql/linux/release-history-2022).
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| Version | Release | Date | Build | KB article |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| [!INCLUDE [ssSQL22](../includes/sssql22-md.md)] | CU 17 | 2025-01-16 | 16.0.4175.1 | [Support article](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2022/cumulativeupdate17) |
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> The Microsoft Entra managed identity feature for SQL Server on Azure VM isn't supported on Linux. For more information, see [Improvement: Microsoft Entra managed identity support for backup and restore database operations and for EKM with AKV in SQL Server on Azure VMs](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2022/microsoft-entra-managed-identity-support-for-backup-restore-database-ekm-akv).
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| [!INCLUDE [ssSQL22](../includes/sssql22-md.md)] | CU 18 | 2025-03-13 | 16.0.4185.3 | [Support article](/troubleshoot/sql/releases/sqlserver-2022/cumulativeupdate18) |
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- The **mssql-server-is** package isn't supported on SUSE in this release. For more information, see [SQL Server on Linux: Known issues](sql-server-linux-known-issues.md#sql-server-integration-services-ssis).
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| Distribution | Package name | Package version | Download |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| **Red Hat Enterprise Linux** | | | |
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| RHEL 9 | Database Engine | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Database Engine RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | Extensibility | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Extensibility RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-extensibility-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | Full-Text Search | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Full-Text Search RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-fts-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | High Availability | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [High Availability RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-ha-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | PolyBase | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [PolyBase RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-polybase-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | Database Engine | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Database Engine RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | Extensibility | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Extensibility RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-extensibility-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | Full-Text Search | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Full-Text Search RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-fts-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | High Availability | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [High Availability RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-ha-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 9 | PolyBase | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [PolyBase RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/9.0/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-polybase-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| RHEL 8 | SSIS | 16.0.4003.1-1 | [SSIS RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/rhel/8/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-is-16.0.4003.1-1.x86_64.rpm) |
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| **SUSE Linux Enterprise Server** | | | |
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| SLES 15 | Database Engine | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Database Engine RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | Extensibility | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Extensibility RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-extensibility-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | Full-Text Search | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Full-Text Search RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-fts-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | High Availability | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [High Availability RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-ha-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | PolyBase | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [PolyBase RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-polybase-16.0.4175.1-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | Database Engine | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Database Engine RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | Extensibility | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Extensibility RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-extensibility-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | Full-Text Search | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Full-Text Search RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-fts-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | High Availability | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [High Availability RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-ha-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| SLES 15 | PolyBase | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [PolyBase RPM package](https://packages.microsoft.com/sles/15/mssql-server-2022/Packages/m/mssql-server-polybase-16.0.4185.3-3.x86_64.rpm) |
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| **Ubuntu** | | | |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | Database Engine | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Database Engine Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server/mssql-server_16.0.4175.1-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | Extensibility | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Extensibility Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-extensibility/mssql-server-extensibility_16.0.4175.1-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | Full-Text Search | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [Full-Text Search Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-fts/mssql-server-fts_16.0.4175.1-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | High Availability | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [High Availability Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-ha/mssql-server-ha_16.0.4175.1-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | PolyBase | 16.0.4175.1-3 | [PolyBase Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-polybase/mssql-server-polybase_16.0.4175.1-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | Database Engine | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Database Engine Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server/mssql-server_16.0.4185.3-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | Extensibility | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Extensibility Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-extensibility/mssql-server-extensibility_16.0.4185.3-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | Full-Text Search | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [Full-Text Search Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-fts/mssql-server-fts_16.0.4185.3-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | High Availability | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [High Availability Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-ha/mssql-server-ha_16.0.4185.3-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 22.04 | PolyBase | 16.0.4185.3-3 | [PolyBase Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/22.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-polybase/mssql-server-polybase_16.0.4185.3-3_amd64.deb) |
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| Ubuntu 20.04 | SSIS | 16.0.4003.1-1 | [SSIS Debian package](https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2022/pool/main/m/mssql-server-is/mssql-server-is_16.0.4003.1-1_amd64.deb) |
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## <a id="cuinstall"></a> How to install updates
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| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------ |
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| [CU 18](/troubleshoot/sql/linux/release-history-2022#CU18) | 16.0.4185.3 | 2025-03-13 |
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| [CU 17](/troubleshoot/sql/linux/release-history-2022#CU17) | 16.0.4175.1 | 2025-01-16 |
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| [CU 16](/troubleshoot/sql/linux/release-history-2022#CU16) | 16.0.4165.4 | 2024-11-14 |
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| [CU 15 GDR 2](/troubleshoot/sql/linux/release-history-2022#CU15-GDR2) | 16.0.4155.4 | 2024-11-12 |

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