diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish-prerelease.yml b/.github/workflows/publish-prerelease.yml
index 3e4f89f13..1364fa7f2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-prerelease.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-prerelease.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     concurrency: prr:pre-release
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       with:
         node-version: 20
diff --git a/.github/workflows/push-release.yml b/.github/workflows/push-release.yml
index 4e131505e..4d11bae73 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/push-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/push-release.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       with:
         ref: main
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/rollback.yml b/.github/workflows/rollback.yml
index 51847fbd9..1e8f428eb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/rollback.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/rollback.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       with:
         node-version: 20
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 811eb8185..45958296a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
     concurrency: prr:pre-release
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
     - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
       with:
         node-version: 20
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 691967b05..10d680b17 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ A modern client-side JavaScript framework for building Single Page Applications.
 
 Mithril.js is used by companies like Vimeo and Nike, and open source platforms like Lichess 👍.
 
-Mithril.js supports IE11, Firefox ESR, and the last two versions of Firefox, Edge, Safari, and Chrome. No polyfills required. 👌
+Mithril.js supports Firefox ESR, and the last two versions of Firefox, Edge, Safari, and Chrome. No polyfills required. 👌
 
 ## Installation
 
diff --git a/render/cachedAttrsIsStaticMap.js b/render/cachedAttrsIsStaticMap.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..288721a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render/cachedAttrsIsStaticMap.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"use strict"
+
+var emptyAttrs = require("./emptyAttrs")
+
+// This Map manages the following:
+// - Whether an attrs is cached attrs generated by compileSelector().
+// - Whether the cached attrs is "static", i.e., does not contain any form attributes.
+// These information will be useful to skip updating attrs in render().
+//
+// Since the attrs used as keys in this map are not released from the selectorCache object,
+// there is no risk of memory leaks. Therefore, Map is used here instead of WeakMap.
+module.exports = new Map([[emptyAttrs, true]])
diff --git a/render/emptyAttrs.js b/render/emptyAttrs.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d278ded4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render/emptyAttrs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"use strict"
+
+// This is an attrs object that is used by default when attrs is undefined or null.
+module.exports = {}
diff --git a/render/fragment.js b/render/fragment.js
index 90cad40da..3ee22f5b7 100644
--- a/render/fragment.js
+++ b/render/fragment.js
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 var Vnode = require("../render/vnode")
 var hyperscriptVnode = require("./hyperscriptVnode")
 
-module.exports = function() {
-	var vnode = hyperscriptVnode.apply(0, arguments)
+module.exports = function(attrs, ...children) {
+	var vnode = hyperscriptVnode(attrs, children)
 
 	vnode.tag = "["
 	vnode.children = Vnode.normalizeChildren(vnode.children)
diff --git a/render/hyperscript.js b/render/hyperscript.js
index 2f7edf6db..7429faf54 100644
--- a/render/hyperscript.js
+++ b/render/hyperscript.js
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 var Vnode = require("../render/vnode")
 var hyperscriptVnode = require("./hyperscriptVnode")
 var hasOwn = require("../util/hasOwn")
+var emptyAttrs = require("./emptyAttrs")
+var cachedAttrsIsStaticMap = require("./cachedAttrsIsStaticMap")
 
 var selectorParser = /(?:(^|#|\.)([^#\.\[\]]+))|(\[(.+?)(?:\s*=\s*("|'|)((?:\\["'\]]|.)*?)\5)?\])/g
 var selectorCache = Object.create(null)
@@ -12,8 +14,12 @@ function isEmpty(object) {
 	return true
 }
 
+function isFormAttributeKey(key) {
+	return key === "value" || key === "checked" || key === "selectedIndex" || key === "selected"
+}
+
 function compileSelector(selector) {
-	var match, tag = "div", classes = [], attrs = {}
+	var match, tag = "div", classes = [], attrs = {}, isStatic = true
 	while (match = selectorParser.exec(selector)) {
 		var type = match[1], value = match[2]
 		if (type === "" && value !== "") tag = value
@@ -23,22 +29,32 @@ function compileSelector(selector) {
 			var attrValue = match[6]
 			if (attrValue) attrValue = attrValue.replace(/\\(["'])/g, "$1").replace(/\\\\/g, "\\")
 			if (match[4] === "class") classes.push(attrValue)
-			else attrs[match[4]] = attrValue === "" ? attrValue : attrValue || true
+			else {
+				attrs[match[4]] = attrValue === "" ? attrValue : attrValue || true
+				if (isFormAttributeKey(match[4])) isStatic = false
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	if (classes.length > 0) attrs.className = classes.join(" ")
-	if (isEmpty(attrs)) attrs = null
-	return selectorCache[selector] = {tag: tag, attrs: attrs}
+	if (isEmpty(attrs)) attrs = emptyAttrs
+	else cachedAttrsIsStaticMap.set(attrs, isStatic)
+	return selectorCache[selector] = {tag: tag, attrs: attrs, is: attrs.is}
 }
 
 function execSelector(state, vnode) {
+	vnode.tag = state.tag
+
 	var attrs = vnode.attrs
+	if (attrs == null) {
+		vnode.attrs = state.attrs
+		vnode.is = state.is
+		return vnode
+	}
+
 	var hasClass = hasOwn.call(attrs, "class")
 	var className = hasClass ? attrs.class : attrs.className
 
-	vnode.tag = state.tag
-
-	if (state.attrs != null) {
+	if (state.attrs !== emptyAttrs) {
 		attrs = Object.assign({}, state.attrs, attrs)
 
 		if (className != null || state.attrs.className != null) attrs.className =
@@ -46,9 +62,7 @@ function execSelector(state, vnode) {
 				? state.attrs.className != null
 					? String(state.attrs.className) + " " + String(className)
 					: className
-				: state.attrs.className != null
-					? state.attrs.className
-					: null
+				: state.attrs.className
 	} else {
 		if (className != null) attrs.className = className
 	}
@@ -70,12 +84,12 @@ function execSelector(state, vnode) {
 	return vnode
 }
 
-function hyperscript(selector) {
+function hyperscript(selector, attrs, ...children) {
 	if (selector == null || typeof selector !== "string" && typeof selector !== "function" && typeof selector.view !== "function") {
 		throw Error("The selector must be either a string or a component.");
 	}
 
-	var vnode = hyperscriptVnode.apply(1, arguments)
+	var vnode = hyperscriptVnode(attrs, children)
 
 	if (typeof selector === "string") {
 		vnode.children = Vnode.normalizeChildren(vnode.children)
diff --git a/render/hyperscriptVnode.js b/render/hyperscriptVnode.js
index 9f31235c4..b6474e85c 100644
--- a/render/hyperscriptVnode.js
+++ b/render/hyperscriptVnode.js
@@ -2,52 +2,22 @@
 
 var Vnode = require("../render/vnode")
 
-// Call via `hyperscriptVnode.apply(startOffset, arguments)`
+// Note: the processing of variadic parameters is perf-sensitive.
 //
-// The reason I do it this way, forwarding the arguments and passing the start
-// offset in `this`, is so I don't have to create a temporary array in a
-// performance-critical path.
+// In native ES6, it might be preferable to define hyperscript and fragment
+// factories with a final ...args parameter and call hyperscriptVnode(...args),
+// since modern engines can optimize spread calls.
 //
-// In native ES6, I'd instead add a final `...args` parameter to the
-// `hyperscript` and `fragment` factories and define this as
-// `hyperscriptVnode(...args)`, since modern engines do optimize that away. But
-// ES5 (what Mithril.js requires thanks to IE support) doesn't give me that luxury,
-// and engines aren't nearly intelligent enough to do either of these:
-//
-// 1. Elide the allocation for `[].slice.call(arguments, 1)` when it's passed to
-//    another function only to be indexed.
-// 2. Elide an `arguments` allocation when it's passed to any function other
-//    than `Function.prototype.apply` or `Reflect.apply`.
-//
-// In ES6, it'd probably look closer to this (I'd need to profile it, though):
-// module.exports = function(attrs, ...children) {
-//     if (attrs == null || typeof attrs === "object" && attrs.tag == null && !Array.isArray(attrs)) {
-//         if (children.length === 1 && Array.isArray(children[0])) children = children[0]
-//     } else {
-//         children = children.length === 0 && Array.isArray(attrs) ? attrs : [attrs, ...children]
-//         attrs = undefined
-//     }
-//
-//     if (attrs == null) attrs = {}
-//     return Vnode("", attrs.key, attrs, children)
-// }
-module.exports = function() {
-	var attrs = arguments[this], start = this + 1, children
-
-	if (attrs == null) {
-		attrs = {}
-	} else if (typeof attrs !== "object" || attrs.tag != null || Array.isArray(attrs)) {
-		attrs = {}
-		start = this
-	}
-
-	if (arguments.length === start + 1) {
-		children = arguments[start]
-		if (!Array.isArray(children)) children = [children]
+// However, benchmarks showed this was not faster. As a result, spread is used
+// only in the parameter lists of hyperscript and fragment, while an array is
+// passed to hyperscriptVnode.
+module.exports = function(attrs, children) {
+	if (attrs == null || typeof attrs === "object" && attrs.tag == null && !Array.isArray(attrs)) {
+		if (children.length === 1 && Array.isArray(children[0])) children = children[0]
 	} else {
-		children = []
-		while (start < arguments.length) children.push(arguments[start++])
+		children = children.length === 0 && Array.isArray(attrs) ? attrs : [attrs, ...children]
+		attrs = undefined
 	}
 
-	return Vnode("", attrs.key, attrs, children)
+	return Vnode("", attrs && attrs.key, attrs, children)
 }
diff --git a/render/render.js b/render/render.js
index d9b0f9d76..1c97dfab1 100644
--- a/render/render.js
+++ b/render/render.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ var Vnode = require("../render/vnode")
 var df = require("../render/domFor")
 var delayedRemoval = df.delayedRemoval
 var domFor = df.domFor
+var cachedAttrsIsStaticMap = require("./cachedAttrsIsStaticMap")
 
 module.exports = function() {
 	var nameSpace = {
@@ -453,7 +454,9 @@ module.exports = function() {
 		var element = vnode.dom = old.dom
 		ns = getNameSpace(vnode) || ns
 
-		updateAttrs(vnode, old.attrs, vnode.attrs, ns)
+		if (old.attrs != vnode.attrs || (vnode.attrs != null && !cachedAttrsIsStaticMap.get(vnode.attrs))) {
+			updateAttrs(vnode, old.attrs, vnode.attrs, ns)
+		}
 		if (!maybeSetContentEditable(vnode)) {
 			updateNodes(element, old.children, vnode.children, hooks, null, ns)
 		}
@@ -715,7 +718,7 @@ module.exports = function() {
 		// so removal should be done first to prevent accidental removal for newly setting values.
 		var val
 		if (old != null) {
-			if (old === attrs) {
+			if (old === attrs && !cachedAttrsIsStaticMap.has(attrs)) {
 				console.warn("Don't reuse attrs object, use new object for every redraw, this will throw in next major")
 			}
 			for (var key in old) {
diff --git a/scripts/_bundler-impl.js b/scripts/_bundler-impl.js
index ae7b4faf8..5f289aa92 100644
--- a/scripts/_bundler-impl.js
+++ b/scripts/_bundler-impl.js
@@ -158,10 +158,12 @@ module.exports = async (input) => {
 		})
 
 		//fix props
-		const props = new RegExp(`((?:[^:]\\/\\/.*)?\\.\\s*)(${candidates})|([\\{,]\\s*)(${candidates})(\\s*:)`, "gm")
-		code = code.replace(props, (match, dot, a, pre, b, post) => {
+		const props = new RegExp(`(\\.\\.)?((?:[^:]\\/\\/.*)?\\.\\s*)(${candidates})|([\\{,]\\s*)(${candidates})(\\s*:)`, "gm")
+		code = code.replace(props, (match, dotdot, dot, a, pre, b, post) => {
 			// Don't do anything because dot was matched in a comment
 			if (dot && dot.indexOf("//") === 1) return match
+			// Don't do anything because dot is a part of spread syntax or destructuring
+			if (dotdot) return match
 			if (dot) return dot + a.replace(/\d+$/, "")
 			return pre + b.replace(/\d+$/, "") + post
 		})
diff --git a/scripts/tests/test-bundler.js b/scripts/tests/test-bundler.js
index a3f368b1c..0c9949010 100644
--- a/scripts/tests/test-bundler.js
+++ b/scripts/tests/test-bundler.js
@@ -368,4 +368,87 @@ o.spec("bundler", async () => {
 		// check that the argument z2 is not z00
 		o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar z0 = {}\nvar _1 = function(z1){}\nvar b = _1(z0)\nvar z = z0\nvar _5 = function(z2){}\nvar c = _5(z)\n}());")
 	})
+	o.spec("spread syntax and destructuring (...)", () => {
+		o("rest parameter", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "function f(d, ...a){}\nmodule.exports = f",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nfunction f(d, ...a0){}\nvar c = f\n}());")
+		})
+		o("function call", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var a = [1, 2, 3]\nvar d = f(...a)\nmodule.exports = d",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar a0 = [1, 2, 3]\nvar d = f(...a0)\nvar c = d\n}());")
+		})
+		o("new", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var a = [1, 2, 3]\nvar d = new f(...a)\nmodule.exports = d",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar a0 = [1, 2, 3]\nvar d = new f(...a0)\nvar c = d\n}());")
+		})
+		o("array spread", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var a = [1, 2, 3]\nvar arr = [...a]\nmodule.exports = arr",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar a0 = [1, 2, 3]\nvar arr = [...a0]\nvar c = arr\n}());")
+		})
+		o("array spread (merge)", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var a = [1, 2, 3]\nvar arr = [0, ...a, 4]\nmodule.exports = arr",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar a0 = [1, 2, 3]\nvar arr = [0, ...a0, 4]\nvar c = arr\n}());")
+		})
+		o("array destructuring", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var a = [1, 2, 3]\nvar d\n[d, ...a] = a\nmodule.exports = a",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar a0 = [1, 2, 3]\nvar d\n[d, ...a0] = a0\nvar c = a0\n}());")
+		})
+		o("object spread", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var a = { p: 1, q: 2, r: 3 }\nvar d = {...a}\nmodule.exports = d",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar a0 = { p: 1, q: 2, r: 3 }\nvar d = {...a0}\nvar c = d\n}());")
+		})
+		o("object spread (merge)", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var a = { p: 1, q: 2, r: 3 }\nvar d = {o:0,...a}\nmodule.exports = d",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar a0 = { p: 1, q: 2, r: 3 }\nvar d = {o:0,...a0}\nvar c = d\n}());")
+		})
+		o("object destructuring", async () => {
+			await setup({
+				"a.js": 'var b = require("./b")\nvar c = require("./c")',
+				"b.js": "var a = 1\nmodule.exports = a",
+				"c.js": "var obj = { p: 1, q: 2, r: 3 }\nvar p,a\n({p,...a}=obj)\nmodule.exports = a",
+			})
+
+			o(await bundle(p("a.js"))).equals(";(function() {\nvar a = 1\nvar b = a\nvar obj = { p: 1, q: 2, r: 3 }\nvar p,a0\n({p,...a0}=obj)\nvar c = a0\n}());")
+		})
+	})
 })