- In spring 2019, as the Mississippi River and its tributaries swelled, hundreds of thousands of acres in the Delta remained submerged for months, and cropland bore the brunt of the impact. Using the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Cropland Data Layer and Harmonized Landsat-Sentinel (HLS)-derived Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), we can visualize the extent and persistence of surface water over key agricultural zones. USDA data show flooded areas were dominated by soybeans, corn, and cotton — high-value crops typically planted in April or May. However, planting had to be delayed or canceled altogether across vast stretches, forcing farmers to file lengthy insurance claims to compensate for their desolate yields. Farmers who missed federal insurance deadlines faced severe economic losses that lingered into subsequent growing seasons.
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