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examen_imprimir/apuntes.md

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> Este documento incluye:
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> - OSPF, MD5 multiárea, ACL, VLANs, Redes (NAT, PAT, Dinámica), Seguridad de Puertos
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## Configuración básica OSPF Multiárea
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Se usará en multiarea:
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- Area 0 para equipos
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- Area 1 de router a router
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### Paso 1: Habilitar OSPF
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```
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Router(config)# router ospf 1
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```
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`1` es el ID del proceso OSPF (local al router, no tiene que coincidir con otros).
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### Paso 2: Asignar redes a áreas (Multiárea)
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```
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Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
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Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1
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Router(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 2
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```
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Cada red se asocia a una área.
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El ABR es el router que tiene interfaces en distintas áreas.
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### Paso 3: Verificación
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```
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Router#show ip ospf
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Router#show ip ospf interface brief
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Router#show ip route ospf
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Router#show ip protocols
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```
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## Confguración ACLs
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### Sintaxis General
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```
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> Estándar
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access-list [ID] [permit|deny] [IP origen] [máscara wildcard]
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> Extendida
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access-list [ID] [permit|deny] [protocolo] [IP origen] [máscara wildcard] [IP destino] [máscara wildcard] [puerto opcional]
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```
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**Wildcard:** Es la máscara inversa (ej. 0.0.0.63 equivale a rango de 64 IPs).
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### Denegar Redes
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Para bloquear una red en un router de destino:
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- Crear la lista con el rango de IPs a bloquear.
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- Permitir el resto de redes.
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- Aplicar la lista al puerto correspondiente.
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```
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> Crear lista de acceso estándar (1) denegando un rango de IPs
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Router(config)#access-list 1 deny 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.63
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> Permitir el resto de redes
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Router(config)#access-list 1 permit any
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> Seleccionar interfaz de salida
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Router(config)#interface fa0/0
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> Aplicar lista de acceso en sentido de salida
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Router(config)#ip access-group 1 out
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```
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### Denegar Rango Redes Lista Extendida
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```
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> Crear lista extendida numerada
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Router(config)#access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.63 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
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> Denegar tráfico DHCP (server y client)
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Router(config)#access-list 101 deny udp any any eq 67
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Router(config)#access-list 101 deny udp any any eq 68
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> Denegar FTP
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Router(config)#access-list 101 deny tcp any any eq 20
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Router(config)#access-list 101 deny tcp any any eq 21
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> Permitir todo lo demás
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Router(config)#access-list 101 permit ip any any
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> Salida por la interfaz Fa0/0
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Router(config)#interface fa0/0
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Router(config)#ip access-group 101 out
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```
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### Permitir Redes
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Para permitir el acceso de una red:
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```
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> Crear lista de acceso estándar (1) permitiendo un rango de IPs
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Router(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.63
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> Seleccionar interfaz de entrada
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Router(config)#interface fa0/0
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> Aplicar lista de acceso en sentido de entrada
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Router(config)# ip access-group 1 in
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```
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### Eliminar Lista de Acceso u Orden
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Eliminar lista de acceso:
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```
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Router(config)#no access-list [ID]
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```
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Eliminar orden de una lista de acceso:
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```
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Router(config)#show acces-list [ID]
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Router(config)#no [número de línea de la regla]
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```
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## Configuración VLANs
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Crear VLAN 10 y VLAN 20
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```
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Switch(config)#vlan 10
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Switch(config-vlan)#name Ventas
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Switch(config-vlan)#exit
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Switch(config)#vlan 20
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Switch(config-vlan)#name Finanzas
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Switch(config-vlan)#exit
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```
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Conexión de Switch a Switch y De Switch a Router
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```
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Switch#show running-config
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Switch(config)#interface fa0/X
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Switch(config-in)#switchport mode trunk
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```
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Conexión de Switch a Equipo
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```
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Switch(config)#interface fa0/X
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Switch(config-in)#switchport mode access
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Switch(config-in)#switchport access vlan 10
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```
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Partir la interfaz del router en subinterfaces y poner en un router múltiples default gateways.
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En este caso el "10", ".10" es la VLAN
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(Repetir por cada VLAN necesaria a agregar)
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```
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Router(config)#interface fa0/0.10
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Router(config-in)#encapsulation dot1q 10
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Switch(config-in)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
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Router(config-in)#no shutdown
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Router(config)#interface fa0/0.20
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```
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## Configuración Red NAT
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Configuración red externa y red interna
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### NAT Dinámica
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- Se crea una ACL numero 1, que da acceso a la 10.0.0.0
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- Convierte las IP 20.0.0.3 en 20.0.0.4
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```
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Router(config)#interface gi0/0
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Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
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Router(config-if)#exit
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Router(config)#interface gi0/1
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Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
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Router(config-if)#exit
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Router(config)#access-list 1 permit 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
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Router(config)#ip nat pool NAT_POOL 20.0.0.3 20.0.0.4 netmask 255.255.255.0
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Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool NAT_POOL
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Router(config)#end
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```
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### NAT Overload
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```
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in gi0/0
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ip nat inside
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exit
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in gi0/1
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ip nat outside
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exit
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access-list 1 permit 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
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ip nat inside source list 1 interface gi0/1 overload

examen_imprimir/dhcp.md

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examen_imprimir/diagram.puml

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@startuml
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skinparam linetype ortho
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skinparam rectangle {
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RoundCorner 10
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}
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top to bottom direction
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cloud Cloud
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rectangle "Router CORE" as RCore
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Cloud --> RCore
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together {
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rectangle "Router1" as R1
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rectangle "Router2" as R2
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rectangle "Router4" as R4
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}
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rectangle "Router3" as R3
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R1 --> R2 : 40.0.0.0/8
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R2 --> RCore : 50.0.0.0/8
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RCore --> R4 : 200.0.0.0/24
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RCore --> R3 : 192.0.0.0/24
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package "LAN 30.0.0.0/8" {
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rectangle "Switch0" as SW0
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rectangle "PC0"
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rectangle "Server0"
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PC0 --> SW0
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Server0 --> SW0
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}
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SW0 --> R1
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package "VLANs" {
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package "VLAN 20" {
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rectangle "PC1"
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}
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package "VLAN 10" {
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rectangle "Server1"
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}
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rectangle "Switch5" as SW5
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rectangle "Switch4" as SW4
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PC1 --> SW5
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SW5 --> SW4
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Server1 --> SW4
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}
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SW5 --> R2
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package "LAN 205.0.0.0/24" {
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rectangle "Switch3" as SW3
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rectangle "PC2"
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rectangle "Server2"
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PC2 --> SW3
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Server2 --> SW3
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}
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SW3 --> R4
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package "LAN 210.0.0.0/24" {
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rectangle "Switch2" as SW2
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rectangle "PC3"
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rectangle "Server3"
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PC3 --> SW2
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Server3 --> SW2
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}
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SW2 --> R3
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@enduml

examen_imprimir/dynamic-nat.md

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examen_imprimir/ex.md

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examen_imprimir/nat-pat-overload.md

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examen_imprimir/nat-static-mask.md

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