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See [Appendix E](#appendix-e-percent-encoding-and-form-media-types) for a thorough discussion of percent-encoding options, compatibility, and OAS-defined delimiters that are not allowed by RFC3986, and [Appendix C](#appendix-c-using-rfc6570-based-serialization) for guidance on using RFC6570 implementations.
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##### Serialization and Examples
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The rules in this section apply to both the Parameter and [Header](#header-object) Objects, both of which use the same mechanisms.
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When showing serialized examples using the `example` field or [Example Objects](#example-object), in most cases the value to show is just the value, with all relevant percent-encoding or other encoding/escaping applied, and also including any delimiters produced by the `style` and `explode` configuration.
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In cases where the name is an inherent part of constructing the serialization, such as the `name=value` pairs produced by `style: "form"` or the combination of `style: "simple", explode: true`, the name and any delimiter between the name and value MUST be included.
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The `matrix` and `label` styles produce a leading delimiter which is always a valid part of the serialization and MUST be included.
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The RFC6570 operators corresponding to `style: "form"` produce a leading delimiter of either `?` or `&` depending on the exact syntax used.
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As the suitability of either delimiter depends on where in the query string the parameter occurs, as well as whether it is in a URI or in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` content, this leading delimiter MUST NOT be included in examples of individual parameters or media type documents.
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For `in: "cookie", style: "form"`, neither the `&` nor `?` delimiters are ever correct; see [Appendix D: Serializing Headers and Cookies](#appendix-d-serializing-headers-and-cookies) for more details.
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For headers, the header name MUST NOT be included as part of the serialization, as it is never part of the RFC6570-derived result.
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However, names produced by `style: "simple", explode: "true"` are included as they appear within the header value, not as separate headers.
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The following section illustrates these rules.
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##### Style Examples
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Assume a parameter named `color` has one of the following values:
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object -> { "R": 100, "G": 200, "B": 150 }
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```
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The following table shows examples, as would be shown with the `example` or `examples` keywords, of the different serializations for each value.
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The following table shows serialized examples, as would be shown with the `example` or `examples` keywords, of the different serializations for each value.
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* The value _empty_ denotes the empty string, and is unrelated to the `allowEmptyValue` field
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* The behavior of combinations marked _n/a_ is undefined
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* The `undefined` column replaces the `empty` column in previous versions of this specification in order to better align with [RFC6570](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6570.html#section-2.3) terminology, which describes certain values including but not limited to `null` as "undefined" values with special handling; notably, the empty string is _not_ undefined
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* For `form` and the non-RFC6570 query string styles `spaceDelimited`, `pipeDelimited`, and `deepObject`, each example is shown prefixed with `?` as if it were the only query parameter; see [Appendix C](#appendix-c-using-rfc6570-based-serialization) for more information on constructing query strings from multiple parameters, and [Appendix D](#appendix-d-serializing-headers-and-cookies) for warnings regarding `form` and cookie parameters
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* Note that the `?` prefix is not appropriate for serializing `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` HTTP message bodies, and MUST be stripped or (if constructing the string manually) not added when used in that context; see the [Encoding Object](#encoding-object) for more information
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* The value _empty_ denotes the empty string, and is unrelated to the `allowEmptyValue` field.
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* The behavior of combinations marked _n/a_ is undefined.
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* The `undefined` column replaces the `empty` column in previous versions of this specification in order to better align with [RFC6570](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6570.html#section-2.3) terminology, which describes certain values including but not limited to `null` as "undefined" values with special handling; notably, the empty string is _not_ undefined.
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* For `form` and the non-RFC6570 query string styles `spaceDelimited`, `pipeDelimited`, and `deepObject`, see [Appendix C](#appendix-c-using-rfc6570-based-serialization) for more information on constructing query strings from multiple parameters, and [Appendix D](#appendix-d-serializing-headers-and-cookies) for warnings regarding `form` and cookie parameters.
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* The examples are percent-encoded as required by RFC6570 and RFC3986; see [Appendix E](#appendix-e-percent-encoding-and-form-media-types) for a thorough discussion of percent-encoding concerns, including why unencoded `|` (`%7C`), `[` (`%5B`), and `]` (`%5D`) seem to work in some environments despite not being compliant.
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