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doc/HowToGrammar.md

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@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ These sentences are made up of some basic elements that can be combined into phr
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* Bob flies to Paris from London. **Not OK**. "from London" would be a fourth element.
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* Bob surfs. **Not OK**. No object phrase.
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1. The subject and object phrases can have sub-phrases that modify the main subject or object e.g. Paris is a city that is located in France.
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* The subject and object phrases can have sub-phrases that modify the main subject or object e.g. Paris is a city that is located in France.
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* Subject phrase - "Paris"
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* Verb phrase - "is"
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* Object phrase - "a city"
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Sub-phrases which consist of a verb phrase and an object phrase are connected to the phrase they modify by "that".
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5. (For developers) HOWLER can round-trip the sentences (English to ontology back to English). The resulting English is often a more precise
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* (For developers) HOWLER can round-trip the sentences (English to ontology back to English). The resulting English is often a more precise
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paraphrase of the original sentence which, if presented back to the user, can help confirm that the original sentence has been interpreted
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as intended. See below for examples of when HOWLER might paraphrase or modify input sentences.
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### Concepts that OWL doesn't support and how HOWLER handles them
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1. OWL does not distinguish between past, present and future. HOWLER can recognize these different tenses but will force it to be present tense, e.g.
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* OWL does not distinguish between past, present and future. HOWLER can recognize these different tenses but will force it to be present tense, e.g.
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* Bob is a pilot.
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* Bob was a pilot.
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* Bob will be a pilot.
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are all interpreted as "Bob is a pilot."
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2. OWL does not have the concept of possibility, necessity or opinion. HOWLER will mostly ignore these if seen
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* OWL does not have the concept of possibility, necessity or opinion. HOWLER will mostly ignore these if seen
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* Bob could be a pilot.
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* Bob should be a pilot.
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* Bob might be a pilot.
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are all interpreted as "Bob is a pilot."
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3. OWL does not have an equivalent for ambiguous quantities like "some", "many", "most". HOWLER will recognize them but translate those as "at least 1" e.g.
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* OWL does not have an equivalent for ambiguous quantities like "some", "many", "most". HOWLER will recognize them but translate those as "at least 1" e.g.
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* Bob owns many dogs. => Bob owns at least 1 dog.
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These ambiguous quantities can only occur in the object phrase.If they occur in the subject phrase, they will be translated as "every" e.g.
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These ambiguous quantities can only occur in the object phrase.If they occur in the subject phrase, they will be translated as "every" e.g.
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* Some pilots own a plane. => Every pilot own a plane.
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4. OWL primarily deals with countable things e.g. a car, 3 trucks, more than 3 houses. It doesn't have any concept of "mass nouns",
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* OWL primarily deals with countable things e.g. a car, 3 trucks, more than 3 houses. It doesn't have any concept of "mass nouns",
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things which don't occur as individual pieces. e.g. water, money, software.
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HOWLER interprets all nouns as countable nouns thus
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* Bob drinks water => Bob drinks **a** water.
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This should be understood to mean "Bob drinks **a quantity of** water."
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5. OWL interprets every concept (word) as a separate and distinct entity e.g. "shoe maker" is not the same as "shoe-maker". If you wish to use a multi-word phrase but want it interpreted as a single thing or concept, hyphenate the words into a single phrase "shoe-maker". Similarly, since HOWLER and OWL have no built-in vocabulary, it will not know that "**United Nations**" is a single entity (an organization) but will interpret it as some nations that are united. Hyphenating phrases like these e.g. "**United-Nations**" will allow HOWLER to recognize that it is intended to be a single thing.
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* OWL interprets every concept (word) as a separate and distinct entity e.g. "shoe maker" is not the same as "shoe-maker". If you wish to use a multi-word phrase but want it interpreted as a single thing or concept, hyphenate the words into a single phrase "shoe-maker". Similarly, since HOWLER and OWL have no built-in vocabulary, it will not know that "**United Nations**" is a single entity (an organization) but will interpret it as some nations that are united. Hyphenating phrases like these e.g. "**United-Nations**" will allow HOWLER to recognize that it is intended to be a single thing.
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