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187 | 187 | "### CF Conventions (Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions)\n", |
188 | 188 | "::: {#id .callout collapse=\"true\"}\n", |
189 | 189 | "### Click for details\n", |
190 | | - "**Created by:** International climate science community (NOAA, UCAR, and others) in 2003 (CF-1.0)</br> \n", |
191 | | - "**Purpose:** Standardized metadata conventions for climate and forecast datasets</br> \n", |
192 | | - "**Typical use:** Metadata framework for [netCDF](#netcdf-network-common-data-form) climate datasets</br> \n", |
| 190 | + "**Created by:** International climate science community (NOAA, UCAR, and others) in 2003 (release of CF-1.0)</br>\n", |
| 191 | + "**Purpose:** Standardized metadata conventions for climate and forecast datasets</br>\n", |
| 192 | + "**Typical use:** Metadata framework for [netCDF](#netcdf-network-common-data-form) climate datasets</br>\n", |
193 | 193 | "**Distinguishing features:** </br>\n", |
194 | 194 | "\n", |
195 | 195 | "- Standard variable naming conventions\n", |
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202 | 202 | "CF Conventions are not a data format themselves but a widely adopted metadata standard used primarily with [netCDF](#netcdf-network-common-data-form) files. They define how variables, coordinates, units, and metadata should be described so that datasets can be interpreted consistently across software tools and research communities. For example, CF specifies how latitude, longitude, time, and vertical coordinates should be encoded, as well as standard variable names such as “*air_temperature*.” This allows climate analysis software to automatically recognize and process datasets without manual interpretation. Most modern climate datasets, including CMIP and CORDEX climate model simulations and many reanalysis products follow CF conventions. By ensuring consistent metadata structure across thousands of datasets, CF conventions play a critical role in enabling interoperability and large-scale climate data analysis.\n", |
203 | 203 | ":::\n", |
204 | 204 | "\n", |
205 | | - "### Zarr\n", |
| 205 | + "### Zarr \n", |
206 | 206 | "::: {#id .callout collapse=\"true\"}\n", |
207 | 207 | "### Click for details\n", |
208 | 208 | "**Created by:** [Zarr Open-source scientific computing community](https://zarr.dev/) in 2016</br>\n", |
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217 | 217 | "- Works well with object storage (e.g., cloud data lakes)\n", |
218 | 218 | "\n", |
219 | 219 | "**Description**</br>\n", |
220 | | - "Zarr is a storage format designed for large multidimensional arrays stored in distributed or cloud environments. Unlike traditional formats such as [netCDF](#netcdf-network-common-data-form) or [HDF5](#hdf5-hierarchical-data-format-version-5) that store data in a single file, Zarr stores datasets as collections of compressed chunks organized in directories or object storage systems. This structure allows efficient parallel access and partial loading of datasets without reading entire files. Zarr has become popular in cloud-based scientific computing environments such as the [Pangeo ecosystem](https://pangeo.io/), where massive climate datasets are accessed by distributed analysis tools. Many large climate archives are experimenting with converting netCDF collections into Zarr format to improve performance and accessibility for large-scale data analysis in cloud computing environments.\n", |
| 220 | + "Zarr (**Z**ipped **arr**ay) is a storage format designed for large multidimensional arrays stored in distributed or cloud environments. Unlike traditional formats such as [netCDF](#netcdf-network-common-data-form) or [HDF5](#hdf5-hierarchical-data-format-version-5) that store data in a single file, Zarr stores datasets as collections of compressed chunks organized in directories or object storage systems. This structure allows efficient parallel access and partial loading of datasets without reading entire files. Zarr has become popular in cloud-based scientific computing environments such as the [Pangeo ecosystem](https://pangeo.io/), where massive climate datasets are accessed by distributed analysis tools. Many large climate archives are experimenting with converting netCDF collections into Zarr format to improve performance and accessibility for large-scale data analysis in cloud computing environments.\n", |
221 | 221 | ":::\n", |
222 | 222 | "\n", |
223 | 223 | "### GeoTIFF (Geographic Tagged Image File Format)\n", |
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