Updates to beggar-my-neighbour and a few placeholders

Author: Porges

src/articles/cards/china/china.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 ---
-title: Chinese Cards
+title: Chinese Playing Cards
 date created: 2024-12-18
-date modified: 2025-02-17
-aliases: [Chinese Cards]
-linter-yaml-title-alias: Chinese Cards
+date modified: 2025-07-03
+aliases: [Chinese Playing Cards]
+linter-yaml-title-alias: Chinese Playing Cards
 ---
-# Chinese Cards
+# Chinese Playing Cards
 
 As the probable country of origin of playing cards, China has a long history of
 card-playing and many different varieties.

src/articles/cards/china/shang-da-ren/shang-da-ren.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title: <span lang="zh" class="noun">上大人牌</span> · <span lang="cmn-Latn-
 titleLang: cmn-Latn-pinyin
 originalTitle: <span lang="zh">上大人牌</span>
 date created: 2024-12-18
-date modified: 2025-02-08
+date modified: 2025-07-03
 aliases:
   - <span lang="zh" class="noun">上大人牌</span> · <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="noun">Shàng Dà Rén</span> Cards
   - <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="noun">Shàng Dà Rén</span> Cards
@@ -17,16 +17,16 @@ The standard version of the text can be interpreted loosely as:[@SocialHeat p. 2
 
 > [!multi]
 >
-> > [!lang] zh
+> > [!langv] zh
 > >
-> > **<span class="red">上</span>** 大人\
-> > **<span class="red">孔</span>** 乙己\
-> > **<span class="red">化</span>** 三千\
-> > **<span class="red">七</span>** 十[士/贤]\
-> > **<span class="red">尔</span>** 小生\
-> > **<span class="red">八</span>** 九子\
-> > **<span class="red">佳</span>** 作仁\
-> > **<span class="red">可</span>** 知禮
+> > <b><span class="red">上</span></b>大人\
+> > <b><span class="red">孔</span></b>乙己\
+> > <b><span class="red">化</span></b>三千\
+> > <b><span class="red">七</span></b>十士\
+> > <b><span class="red">尔</span></b>小生\
+> > <b><span class="red">八</span></b>九子\
+> > <b><span class="red">佳</span></b>作仁\
+> > <b><span class="red">可</span></b>知禮
 >
 > His Greatness\
 > Confucius\
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ highlighted in red. In some versions, the second character is highlighted in gre
 >
 > A 145-card deck published under the brand <span lang="zh">上大人乐喜</span>. There are 5 extra cards and 5 copies of each card. (The seller advertised this as a 144-card deck.)
 
-## <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="noun">Fú Lù Shòu Pái</span> <span lang="zh">福祿壽牌</span> 
+## <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="noun">Fú Lù Shòu Pái</span> <span lang="zh">福祿壽牌</span>
 
 This is a variant of the <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="noun">Shàng Dà
 Rén</span> cards where the final three characters are replaced by the characters

src/articles/glossary.md

@@ -57,3 +57,7 @@ tong
     - Also used in Australia amongst Aboriginal groups who play games such as [Kuns](games/kuns/kuns.md).[@ANoteOnKuns p. 42][@WhatsTheBigDeal p. 668][@CardGamesToPokerMachines p. 137–8]
     </dd>
 </dl>
+
+
+> [!todo]
+> A similar concept to tong in Nepali: जिताउरी jitauri, "Winner's gift"

src/bibliography.yaml

@@ -20840,3 +20840,165 @@ LiarsDiceReview:
     year: 2015
     month: 7
     day: 13
+QuantifyingSnakesAndLadders:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: Quantifying the Vices and Virtues of Snakes and Ladders Through Time
+  author:
+    - given: Eleanor A.
+      family: Dauenhauer
+    - given: Paul J.
+      family: Dauenhauer
+  URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2024-0001
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250415113135/https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bgs-2024-0001
+  page: 1-38
+  in: &bgs_18
+    title: Board Game Studies
+    volume: 18
+    issued:
+      year: 2024
+      month: 10
+DepaulisEarlyMancala:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: Early Mancala and <i>Tāb</i> Boards Found in Israel (and in Some Other Countries)
+  author: [*Thierry_Depaulis]
+  page: 39-60
+  URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2024-0002
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250417092029/https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bgs-2024-0002
+  in: *bgs_18
+ChessAndFreedom:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: Chess and Freedom
+  author:
+  - given: Bernd-Peter
+    family: Lange
+  page: 61-73
+  in: *bgs_18
+  URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2024-0003
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250429225638/https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bgs-2024-0003
+DiscoveringDadu:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: 'Discovering Dadu: A Ludemic Enigma from South Asia'
+  author:
+  - given: Jacob
+    family: Schmidt-Madsen
+  page: 74-118
+  in: *bgs_18
+  URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2024-0004
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250415153713/https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bgs-2024-0004
+CulturalCupid:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: 'Cultural Transmission in Printed Games of Cupid: Tracing Lines of Descent'
+  author:
+  - given: Adrian
+    family: Seville
+  - *Alex_de_Voogt
+  page: 119-139
+  in: *bgs_18
+  URL: https://doi.org/10.2478/bgs-2024-0005
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250429100623/https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bgs-2024-0005
+MyanmarStreetGamesI:
+  type: webpage
+  title: Traditional Myanmar street games explained
+  URL: https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/traditional-myanmar-street-games-explained/
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180903065141/https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/traditional-myanmar-street-games-explained
+  author:
+  - given: Jared
+    family: Downing
+  container-title: Frontier Myanmar
+  issued:
+    year: 2018
+    month: 9
+    day: 1
+MyanmarStreetGamesII:
+  type: webpage
+  title: 'Traditional Myanmar street games: Part II'
+  URL: https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/traditional-myanmar-street-games-part-ii/
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20180910112931/https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/traditional-myanmar-street-games-part-ii
+  author:
+  - given: Jared
+    family: Downing
+  container-title: Frontier Myanmar
+  issued:
+    year: 2018
+    month: 9
+    day: 9
+UniverseIsAGame:
+  type: webpage
+  title: The Universe is a Game
+  URL: https://chintandiaries.blogspot.com/2024/01/the-universe-is-game.html
+  container-title: Chintan Diaries
+  author:
+  - given: Hrishikesh
+    family: Kulkarni
+  issued:
+    year: 2024
+    month: 01
+    day: 12
+  archive-URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20250703043648/https://chintandiaries.blogspot.com/2024/01/the-universe-is-game.html
+NonTerminatingBeggar:
+  type: document
+  title: A Non-Terminating Game of Beggar-My-Neighbor
+  URL: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.13855
+  author:
+  - given: Brayden
+    family: Casella
+  - given: Philip M.
+    family: Anderson
+  - given: Michael
+    family: Kleber
+  - given: Richard P.
+    family: Mann
+  - given: Reed
+    family: Nessler
+  - given: William
+    family: Rucklidge
+  - given: Samuel G.
+    family: Williams
+  - given: Nicolas
+    family: Wu
+  publisher: arXiv
+  issued:
+    year: 2024
+    month: 03
+    day: 19
+PaulhusBeggar:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: Beggar My Neighbour
+  author:
+  - given: Marc M.
+    family: Paulhus
+  page: 162-165
+  URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2589054
+  in:
+    title: The American Mathematical Monthly
+    volume: 106
+    issue: 2
+    issued:
+      year: 1999
+      month: 2
+WhatDoYouPlayBoy:
+  type: article-journal
+  title: '“What do you play, boy?”: Card Games in <cite>Great Expectations</cite>'
+  author:
+  - given: Kristen L.
+    family: Parkinson
+  page: 119-138
+  URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/45292262
+  in:
+    title: Dickens Quarterly
+    volume: 27
+    issue: 2
+    issued:
+      year: 2010
+      month: 6
+MaharashtraStateGazetteersKolabaDistrict:
+  type: book
+  title: Kolaba District
+  series:
+    title: Maharashtra State Gazetteers
+  issued: 1964
+  publisher: Government of Maharashtra
+  edition: 2
+  original-date: 1883
+  URL: https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3270
+  notes: See page 177 onwards about games.

src/games/beggar-my-neighbour/beggar-my-neighbour.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ players:
     min: 2
     max: 10
 date created: 2024-12-18
-date modified: 2025-02-08
+date modified: 2025-07-04
 aliases: [Beggar My Neighbour]
 linter-yaml-title-alias: Beggar My Neighbour
 ---
@@ -18,16 +18,30 @@ linter-yaml-title-alias: Beggar My Neighbour
 >
 > This is the first card game that my grandfather ever taught me!
 
-It is mentioned as early as 1603 by the British playwright [Thomas Heywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood) under the name “<span class="aka">Knave out of Doors</span>” in his play <cite>A Woman Killed with Kindness</cite> (1603, published 1607).[@ThomasHeywood p. 5] A song about the [Rump Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rump_Parliament) called <cite>The Rebells Reign</cite> (from some time between 1639–61) also refers to the game under this name:
+It is mentioned as early as 1603 by the British playwright [Thomas Heywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Heywood) under the name “<span class="aka">Knave out of Doors</span>” in his play <cite>A Woman Killed with Kindness</cite> (1603, published 1607).[@ThomasHeywood 5] A song about the [Rump Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rump_Parliament) called <cite>The Rebells Reign</cite> (from some time between 1639–61) also refers to the game under this name:
 
 > The Parliament sate as snug as a Cat,\
 > &emsp;And were playing for mine and yours ;\
 > Sweep-stakes was their Game, till _Oliver_ came,\
-> &emsp;And turn’d it to Knave out of doors.[@Rump p. 317]
+> &emsp;And turn’d it to Knave out of doors.[@Rump 317]
 
-It is called “<span class="aka">Beat the Knave out of Doors</span>” in 1739,[@EighthChampion p. 4][^serious] and appears under the name “<span class="aka">Drive the Knave out of Doors</span>” in 1751.[@ALetterFromMrsMidnight p. 245]
+It is called “<span class="aka">Beat the Knave out of Doors</span>” in 1739,[@EighthChampion 4][^serious] and appears under the name “<span class="aka">Drive the Knave out of Doors</span>” in 1751.[@ALetterFromMrsMidnight 245]
 
-[^serious]: It also appears under this name in the 1754 tract @SeriousReflections [p. 15].
+Possibly most famously it appears in Dickens’ <cite>Great Expectations</cite> (1861):[@WhatDoYouPlayBoy]
+
+> “Let me see you play cards with this boy”
+> 
+> “With this boy! Why he is a common labouring-boy!”
+> 
+> I thought I overhead Miss Havisham answer — only it seemed so unlikely — “Well? You can break his heart.”
+> 
+> “What do you play, boy?” asked Estella of myself, with the greatest disdain.
+> 
+> “Nothing but beggar my neighbour, miss.”
+> 
+> “Beggar him,” said Miss Havisham to Estella. So we sat down to cards.
+
+[^serious]: It also appears under this name in the 1754 tract @SeriousReflections [15].
 
 A wonderful defence of this simple game as the ideal playing-card game may be found in the Meerut Universal Magazine.[@MUMagazine]
 
@@ -48,6 +62,7 @@ On the other hand, if the player playing on top of the face card turns up anothe
 
 The last player left with any cards is the winner.
 
+Note that it is possible for the game to become stuck in a loop, where the game will never end.[@NonTerminatingBeggar] The question of whether or not this was possible was raised by [John Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Horton_Conway) as an “anti-Hilbert question”.[@PaulhusBeggar]
 ## A Variant?
 
-A game named <span class="aka">Knocking Dolly Out O’ Bed</span> is described in @LondonStreetGames [p. 14], which seems to be a variation on the game, with card values: <Cards>K</Cards>=3, <Cards>J</Cards>=2, <Cards>Q</Cards>=1, <Cards>A</Cards>=0. However, it is unclear how the game should function with a 0-valued card!
+A game named <span class="aka">Knocking Dolly Out O’ Bed</span> is described in @LondonStreetGames [p. 14], which seems to be a variation on the game, with card values: <Cards>K</Cards>=3, <Cards>J</Cards>=2, <Cards>Q</Cards>=1, <Cards>A</Cards>=0. However, it is unclear how the game should function with a 0-valued card!

src/games/bhikar-savkar/bhikar-savkar.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+---
+title: '<span lang="mr">भिकार सावकार</span> · <span lang="mr-Latn" class="noun">Bhikār Sāvkār</span>'
+aliases:
+  - '<span lang="mr">भिकार सावकार</span> · <span lang="mr-Latn" class="noun">Bhikār Sāvkār</span>'
+linter-yaml-title-alias: '<span lang="mr">भिकार सावकार</span> · <span lang="mr-Latn" class="noun">Bhikār Sāvkār</span>'
+date created: 2025-07-03
+date modified: 2025-07-03
+---
+# <span lang="mr">भिकार सावकार</span> · <span lang="mr-Latn" class="noun">Bhikār Sāvkār</span>
+
+<span lang="mr-Latn" class="aka noun">Bhikār Sāvkār</span>[^trans] (<span lang="mr" class="aka">भिकार सावकार</span>, “beggar–moneylender”) is a simple luck-based card game played in [Maharashtra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtra), India, similar to [Snap](games/snap/snap.md) or [Beggar My Neighbour](games/beggar-my-neighbour/beggar-my-neighbour.md).
+
+[^trans]: This can be transliterated in various ways, for example <span lang="mr-Latn" class="noun">Bhikar Sawkar</span> or <span lang="mr-Latn" class="noun">Bhikar Savkar</span>.
+
+The name of the game presumably comes from the fact that the play is self-reinforcing; someone who has won more cards due to having higher cards is more likely to keep winning as they capture more cards.
+## Play
+
+Any number of players can play with a standard deck (or decks, if many people are playing) of cards.
+
+All the cards are dealt out one at a time. Each player holds their cards face down in their hands and on their turn, plays a single card unseen from the top of their deck into a central face-up pile. 
+
+There are two ways by which a player captures the central pile:
+- If the suit of the played card matches the suit of the previous card on the pile, then the player who played the card with the higher rank wins the whole pile. They shuffle the pile and add it to the bottom of their personal deck.
+- If the rank of the played card matches the previous one, and the _colour_ of the cards is the same (black or red), then the player who played the second card also captures the whole pile.
+
+A player who captures the pile restarts the game by playing a card.
+
+Once all other players have run out of cards, the player who is left with all the cards at the end of the game is the winner.
+
+## Variants
+
+One way to change the game from a pure-luck game into one of more skill is that a player may look at their card before playing it. They can either play it or put it on the bottom of their deck, in which case they _must_ play their next card.[@UniverseIsAGame]

src/games/gulam-chor/gulam-chor.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+draft: true
+title: Gulam Chor
+aliases: [Gulam Chor]
+linter-yaml-title-alias: Gulam Chor
+date created: 2025-07-04
+date modified: 2025-07-04
+---
+
+# Gulam Chor
+
+"Jack Thief" https://card-games.wonderhowto.com/how-to/play-card-game-jack-thief-0122351/
+Gulam = Slave
+
+See Nepali "Gulām Cor" https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.146785/page/n165
+originally arabic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam

src/games/hearts/hearts.md

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 ---
-title: Hearts
+title: ""
 draft: true
 equipment: Card game (standard deck)
+date created: 2025-05-20
+date modified: 2025-07-04
 ---
 
 Refs: [@CardGamesAroundTheWorld, p. 63]
@@ -19,3 +21,5 @@ Refs: [@NewRules, p. 15]
 ##### Black Lady 
 
 Refs: [@CardGamesAroundTheWorld, p. 65]
+
+In India known as <span lang="hi-Latn" class="aka noun">Kali Begum</span> <span lang="hi" class="aka">काली बेगम</span> (<span lang="hi-Latn">kālī begam</span>, literally “black Lady”, as a title).

src/games/knucklebones/knucklebones.md

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 ---
 title: Knucklebones
 draft: true
+date created: 2025-05-20
+date modified: 2025-07-04
 ---
 
 Ge'z: @ComparativeGeez [p. 354]
 
 @AmharicEnglish2 [p. 1783]: diboš
 
 Kautan - @SomaliGames
+
+Nepali? https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.146785/page/n495

src/games/lambs-and-tigers/lambs-and-tigers.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 title: Lambs & Tigers
 draft: true
 players: 2
+date created: 2025-05-20
+date modified: 2025-07-04
 ---
 
 > [!figure]
@@ -24,3 +26,5 @@ In [Acehnese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acehnese_language), it is called <sp
 Bagh Chal as well:
 
 @TigerGoatsDraw
+
+Bagh Chal in Nepali https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.146785/page/n443