Try a PSDepend-free bootstrap

Author: Joel Bennett

RequiredModules.psd1

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+@(
+    @{ ModuleName = "Configuration"; RequiredVersion = "1.3.1"}
+    @{ ModuleName = "Pester"; RequiredVersion = "4.4.0"}
+    <# etc #>
+)

bootstrap.ps1

@@ -1,43 +1,13 @@
+using namespace Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands
 [CmdletBinding()]
 param(
     #
-    [ValidateSet("CurrentUser", "AllUsers", "LocalTools")]
+    [ValidateSet("CurrentUser", "AllUsers")]
     $Scope = "CurrentUser"
 )
+[ModuleSpecification[]]$RequiredModules = Import-LocalizedData -BaseDirectory $PSScriptRoot -FileName RequiredModules
+$Policy = (Get-PSRepository PSGallery).InstallationPolicy
+Set-PSRepository PSGallery -InstallationPolicy Trusted
 
-Push-Location $PSScriptRoot -StackName bootstrap-stack
-
-# # This would probably work, if the default gallery was trusted ...
-# Install-Module Pester        -RequiredVersion 4.4.0 -Scope CurrentUser -Repository PSGallery -SkipPublisherCheck
-# Install-Module Configuration -RequiredVersion 1.3.1 -Scope CurrentUser -Repository PSGallery -SkipPublisherCheck
-if (!(Get-Module PSDepend -ListAvailable)) {
-    $Policy = (Get-PSRepository PSGallery).InstallationPolicy
-    try {
-        Set-PSRepository PSGallery -InstallationPolicy Trusted
-
-        if ($Scope -eq "LocalTools") {
-            $Target = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "Tools"
-            New-Item -Path $Target -ItemType Directory -Force
-
-            $Env:PSModulePath += ';' + $Target
-            $PSDefaultParameterValues["Invoke-PSDepend:Target"] = $Target
-            Save-Module PSDepend -Repository PSGallery -ErrorAction Stop -Path $Target
-        } else {
-            $PSDefaultParameterValues["Invoke-PSDepend:Target"] = $Scope
-            Install-Module PSDepend -Repository PSGallery -ErrorAction Stop -Scope:$Scope
-        }
-    } finally {
-        # Make sure we didn't change anything permanently
-        Set-PSRepository PSGallery -InstallationPolicy:$Policy
-        Pop-Location -StackName bootstrap-stack
-    }
-}
-
-try {
-    Write-Verbose "Updating dependencies"
-    Import-Module PSDepend -ErrorAction Stop
-    Invoke-PSDepend -Import -Force -ErrorAction Stop -Verbose
-} catch {
-    Write-Warning "Unable to restore dependencies. Please review errors:"
-    throw
-}
+$RequiredModules | Install-Module -Scope $Scope -Repository PSGallery -SkipPublisherCheck -Verbose
+$RequiredModules | Import-Module