runtime: add specialized malloc functions for sizes up to 512 bytes

This CL adds a generator function in runtime/_mkmalloc to generate
specialized mallocgc functions for sizes up throuht 512 bytes. (That's
the limit where it's possible to end up in the no header case when there
are scan bits, and where the benefits of the specialized functions
significantly diminish according to microbenchmarks). If the
specializedmalloc GOEXPERIMENT is turned on, mallocgc will call one of
these functions in the no header case.

malloc_generated.go is the generated file containing the specialized
malloc functions.

malloc_stubs.go contains the templates that will be stamped to create
the specialized malloc functions.

malloc_tables_generated contains the tables that mallocgc will use to
select the specialized function to call.

I've had to update the two stdlib_test.go files to account for the new
submodule mkmalloc is in. mprof_test accounts for the changes in the
stacks since different functions can be called in some cases.
I still need to investigate heapsampling.go.

Change-Id: Ia0f68dccdf1c6a200554ae88657cf4d686ace819
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/665835
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Michael Matloob <[email protected]>
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <[email protected]>

Author: matloob

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/stdlib_test.go

@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@ func TestStdKen(t *testing.T) {
 var excluded = map[string]bool{
 	"builtin":                       true,
 	"cmd/compile/internal/ssa/_gen": true,
+	"runtime/_mkmalloc":             true,
 }
 
 // printPackageMu synchronizes the printing of type-checked package files in

src/go/types/stdlib_test.go

@@ -362,6 +362,7 @@ func TestStdKen(t *testing.T) {
 var excluded = map[string]bool{
 	"builtin":                       true,
 	"cmd/compile/internal/ssa/_gen": true,
+	"runtime/_mkmalloc":             true,
 }
 
 // printPackageMu synchronizes the printing of type-checked package files in

src/internal/runtime/gc/sizeclasses.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package main
+
+const (
+	// Constants that we use and will transfer to the runtime.
+	minHeapAlign = 8
+	maxSmallSize = 32 << 10
+	smallSizeDiv = 8
+	smallSizeMax = 1024
+	largeSizeDiv = 128
+	pageShift    = 13
+	tinySize     = 16
+
+	// Derived constants.
+	pageSize = 1 << pageShift
+)
+
+const (
+	maxPtrSize = max(4, 8)
+	maxPtrBits = 8 * maxPtrSize
+
+	// Maximum size smallScanNoHeader would be called for, which is the
+	// maximum value gc.MinSizeForMallocHeader can have on any platform.
+	// gc.MinSizeForMallocHeader is defined as goarch.PtrSize * goarch.PtrBits.
+	smallScanNoHeaderMax = maxPtrSize * maxPtrBits
+)

src/runtime/_mkmalloc/constants.go

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module runtime/_mkmalloc
+
+go 1.24
+
+require golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0

src/runtime/_mkmalloc/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 h1:4qz2S3zmRxbGIhDIAgjxvFutSvH5EfnsYrRBj0UI0bc=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0/go.mod h1:CIJMaWEY88juyUfo7UbgPqbC8rU2OqfAV1h2Qp0oMYI=