Merge branch 'main' into con_smooth_update

HumphreyYang · HumphreyYang · commit 5f3dd9b0df66 · 2025-01-30T09:44:10.000+11:00
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cache.yml b/.github/workflows/cache.yml
@@ -48,4 +48,5 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: build-cache
-          path: _build
+          path: _build
+          include-hidden-files: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: pip list
       - name: Download "build" folder (cache)
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v8
         with:
           workflow: cache.yml
           branch: main
diff --git a/.github/workflows/collab.yml b/.github/workflows/collab.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ on: [pull_request]
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest-m
+    runs-on: quantecon-large
     container:
       image: us-docker.pkg.dev/colab-images/public/runtime:latest
     steps:
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: pip list
       - name: Download "build" folder (cache)
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v8
         with:
           workflow: cache.yml
           branch: main
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linkcheck.yml b/.github/workflows/linkcheck.yml
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
           environment-file: environment.yml
           activate-environment: quantecon
       - name: Download "build" folder (cache)
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v8
         with:
           workflow: cache.yml
           branch: main
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
         run: pip list
       - name: Download "build" folder (cache)
-        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
+        uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v8
         with:
           workflow: cache.yml
           branch: main
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
@@ -4,24 +4,16 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - python=3.12
-  - anaconda=2024.06
+  - anaconda=2024.10
   - pip
   - pip:
-    - jupyter-book==0.15.1
-    - docutils==0.17.1
-    - quantecon-book-theme==0.7.2
+    - jupyter-book==1.0.3
+    - quantecon-book-theme==0.7.6
     - sphinx-tojupyter==0.3.0
     - sphinxext-rediraffe==0.2.7
-    - sphinx-exercise==0.4.1
+    - sphinx-exercise==1.0.1
+    - ghp-import==2.1.0
+    - sphinxcontrib-youtube==1.3.0 #Version 1.3.0 is required as quantecon-book-theme is only compatible with sphinx<=5
     - sphinx-proof==0.2.0
-    - ghp-import==1.1.0
-    - sphinxcontrib-youtube==1.1.0
-    - sphinx-togglebutton==0.3.1
-    - sphinx_reredirects==0.1.3
-    # Sandpit Requirements
-    # - PuLP
-    # - cvxpy
-    # - cvxopt
-    # - cylp
-    # - array-to-latex
-    # - prettytable
+    - sphinx-togglebutton==0.3.2
+    - sphinx-reredirects==0.1.4 #Version 0.1.5 requires sphinx>=7.1
diff --git a/lectures/ar1_processes.md b/lectures/ar1_processes.md
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ for t in range(sim_length):
     mu = a * mu + b
     v = a**2 * v + c**2
     ax.plot(grid, norm.pdf(grid, loc=mu, scale=np.sqrt(v)),
-            label=f"$\psi_{t}$",
+            label=fr"$\psi_{t}$",
             alpha=0.7)
 
 ax.legend(bbox_to_anchor=[1.05,1],loc=2,borderaxespad=1)
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ plot_density_seq(ax, mu_0=4.0)
 mu_star = b / (1 - a)
 std_star = np.sqrt(c**2 / (1 - a**2))  # square root of v_star
 psi_star = norm.pdf(grid, loc=mu_star, scale=std_star)
-ax.plot(grid, psi_star, 'k-', lw=2, label="$\psi^*$")
+ax.plot(grid, psi_star, 'k-', lw=2, label=r"$\psi^*$")
 ax.legend()
 
 plt.show()
diff --git a/lectures/cobweb.md b/lectures/cobweb.md
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def plot45(model, pmin, pmax, p0, num_arrows=5):
 
     ax.plot(pgrid, g(model, pgrid), 'b-',
             lw=2, alpha=0.6, label='g')
-    ax.plot(pgrid, pgrid, lw=1, alpha=0.7, label='$45\degree$')
+    ax.plot(pgrid, pgrid, lw=1, alpha=0.7, label=r'$45\degree$')
 
     x = p0
     xticks = [pmin]
diff --git a/lectures/commod_price.md b/lectures/commod_price.md
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ The figure below shows the price of cotton in USD since the start of 2016.
 ```{code-cell} ipython3
 :tags: [hide-input, hide-output]
 
-s = yf.download('CT=F', '2016-1-1', '2023-4-1')['Adj Close']
+s = yf.download('CT=F', '2016-1-1', '2023-4-1')['Close']
 ```
 
 ```{code-cell} ipython3
diff --git a/lectures/cons_smooth.md b/lectures/cons_smooth.md
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Milton Friedman had used this idea  in his PhD thesis at Columbia University,
 eventually published as {cite}`kuznets1939incomes` and {cite}`friedman1954incomes`.
 ```
 
-It will take a while for a "present value" or asset price explicilty to appear in this lecture, but when it does it will be a key actor.
+It will take a while for a "present value" or asset price explicitly to appear in this lecture, but when it does it will be a key actor.
 
 
 ## Analysis
diff --git a/lectures/eigen_I.md b/lectures/eigen_I.md
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def circle_transform(A=np.array([[-1, 2], [0, 1]])):
     ax[0].plot(x, y, color='black', zorder=1)
     ax[0].scatter(a_1, b_1, c=colors, alpha=1, s=60,
                   edgecolors='black', zorder=2)
-    ax[0].set_title("unit circle in $\mathbb{R}^2$")
+    ax[0].set_title(r"unit circle in $\mathbb{R}^2$")
 
     x1 = x.reshape(1, -1)
     y1 = y.reshape(1, -1)
@@ -542,15 +542,15 @@ def grid_composition_transform(A=np.array([[1, -1], [1, 1]]),
 
     # Plot grid points
     ax[0].scatter(xygrid[0], xygrid[1], s=36, c=colors, edgecolor="none")
-    ax[0].set_title("points $x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_k$")
+    ax[0].set_title(r"points $x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_k$")
 
     # Plot intermediate grid points
     ax[1].scatter(uvgrid[0], uvgrid[1], s=36, c=colors, edgecolor="none")
-    ax[1].set_title("points $Bx_1, Bx_2, \cdots, Bx_k$")
+    ax[1].set_title(r"points $Bx_1, Bx_2, \cdots, Bx_k$")
 
     # Plot transformed grid points
     ax[2].scatter(abgrid[0], abgrid[1], s=36, c=colors, edgecolor="none")
-    ax[2].set_title("points $ABx_1, ABx_2, \cdots, ABx_k$")
+    ax[2].set_title(r"points $ABx_1, ABx_2, \cdots, ABx_k$")
 
     plt.show()
 ```
diff --git a/lectures/equalizing_difference.md b/lectures/equalizing_difference.md
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ We'll use the Python module 'sympy' to compute partial derivatives of $\phi$ wit
 Define symbols
 
 ```{code-cell} ipython3
-γ_h, γ_c, w_h0, D = symbols('\gamma_h, \gamma_c, w_0^h, D', real=True)
+γ_h, γ_c, w_h0, D = symbols(r'\gamma_h, \gamma_c, w_0^h, D', real=True)
 R, T = Symbol('R', real=True), Symbol('T', integer=True)
 ```
 
diff --git a/lectures/geom_series.md b/lectures/geom_series.md
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ T_max = 10
 T=np.arange(0, T_max+1)
 
 rs, gs = (0.9, 0.5, 0.4001, 0.4), (0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.5),
-comparisons = ('$\gg$', '$>$', r'$\approx$', '$<$')
+comparisons = (r'$\gg$', '$>$', r'$\approx$', '$<$')
 for r, g, comp in zip(rs, gs, comparisons):
     ax.plot(finite_lease_pv_true(T, g, r, x_0), label=f'r(={r}) {comp} g(={g})')
 
diff --git a/lectures/greek_square.md b/lectures/greek_square.md
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6), dpi=500)
 axs[0].plot(np.round(ratios_λ1, 6), 
             label=r'$\frac{y_t}{y_{t-1}}$', linewidth=3)
 axs[0].axhline(y=Λ[1], color='red', linestyle='--', 
-               label='$\lambda_2$', alpha=0.5)
+               label=r'$\lambda_2$', alpha=0.5)
 axs[0].set_xlabel('t', size=18)
 axs[0].set_ylabel(r'$\frac{y_t}{y_{t-1}}$', size=18)
 axs[0].set_title(r'$\frac{y_t}{y_{t-1}}$ after Muting $\lambda_1$', 
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ axs[0].legend()
 axs[1].plot(ratios_λ2, label=r'$\frac{y_t}{y_{t-1}}$', 
             linewidth=3)
 axs[1].axhline(y=Λ[0], color='green', linestyle='--', 
-               label='$\lambda_1$', alpha=0.5)
+               label=r'$\lambda_1$', alpha=0.5)
 axs[1].set_xlabel('t', size=18)
 axs[1].set_ylabel(r'$\frac{y_t}{y_{t-1}}$', size=18)
 axs[1].set_title(r'$\frac{y_t}{y_{t-1}}$ after Muting $\lambda_2$', 
diff --git a/lectures/heavy_tails.md b/lectures/heavy_tails.md
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ mystnb:
     caption: Daily Amazon returns
     name: dailyreturns-amzn
 ---
-s = data['Adj Close']
+s = data['Close']
 r = s.pct_change()
 
 fig, ax = plt.subplots()
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ mystnb:
     caption: Daily Bitcoin returns
     name: dailyreturns-btc
 ---
-s = data['Adj Close']
+s = data['Close']
 r = s.pct_change()
 
 fig, ax = plt.subplots()
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ for ax, s in zip(axes[:2], s_vals):
     data = np.random.randn(n) * s
     ax.plot(list(range(n)), data, linestyle='', marker='o', alpha=0.5, ms=4)
     ax.vlines(list(range(n)), 0, data, lw=0.2)
-    ax.set_title(f"draws from $N(0, \sigma^2)$ with $\sigma = {s}$", fontsize=11)
+    ax.set_title(fr"draws from $N(0, \sigma^2)$ with $\sigma = {s}$", fontsize=11)
 
 ax = axes[2]
 distribution = cauchy()
diff --git a/lectures/inequality.md b/lectures/inequality.md
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ mystnb:
 fix, ax = plot_inequality_measures(σ_vals, 
                                   ginis, 
                                   'simulated', 
-                                  '$\sigma$', 
+                                  r'$\sigma$', 
                                   'Gini coefficients')
 plt.show()
 ```
@@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ ax.plot(years, df_topshares["topshare_n_wealth"],
 ax.plot(years, df_topshares["topshare_t_income"],
         marker='o', label="total income")
 ax.set_xlabel("year")
-ax.set_ylabel("top $10\%$ share")
+ax.set_ylabel(r"top $10\%$ share")
 ax.legend()
 plt.show()
 ```
diff --git a/lectures/input_output.md b/lectures/input_output.md
@@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ ax.plot(np.linspace(55, 380, 100), (50-0.9*np.linspace(55, 380, 100))/(-1.46), c
 ax.plot(np.linspace(-1, 400, 100), (60+0.16*np.linspace(-1, 400, 100))/0.83, color="r")
 ax.plot(np.linspace(250, 395, 100), (62-0.04*np.linspace(250, 395, 100))/0.33, color="b")
 
-ax.text(130, 38, "$(1-a_{11})x_1 + a_{12}x_2 \geq d_1$", size=10)
-ax.text(10, 105, "$-a_{21}x_1 + (1-a_{22})x_2 \geq d_2$", size=10)
-ax.text(150, 150, "$a_{01}x_1 +a_{02}x_2 \leq x_0$", size=10)
+ax.text(130, 38, r"$(1-a_{11})x_1 + a_{12}x_2 \geq d_1$", size=10)
+ax.text(10, 105, r"$-a_{21}x_1 + (1-a_{22})x_2 \geq d_2$", size=10)
+ax.text(150, 150, r"$a_{01}x_1 +a_{02}x_2 \leq x_0$", size=10)
 
 # Draw the feasible region
 feasible_set = Polygon(np.array([[301, 151],
@@ -466,8 +466,8 @@ ax.vlines(0, -1, 250)
 ax.plot(np.linspace(4.75, 49, 100), (4-0.9*np.linspace(4.75, 49, 100))/(-0.16), color="r")
 ax.plot(np.linspace(0, 50, 100), (33+1.46*np.linspace(0, 50, 100))/0.83, color="r")
 
-ax.text(15, 175, "$(1-a_{11})p_1 - a_{21}p_2 \leq a_{01}w$", size=10)
-ax.text(30, 85, "$-a_{12}p_1 + (1-a_{22})p_2 \leq a_{02}w$", size=10)
+ax.text(15, 175, r"$(1-a_{11})p_1 - a_{21}p_2 \leq a_{01}w$", size=10)
+ax.text(30, 85, r"$-a_{12}p_1 + (1-a_{22})p_2 \leq a_{02}w$", size=10)
 
 # Draw the feasible region
 feasible_set = Polygon(np.array([[17, 69],
diff --git a/lectures/intro_supply_demand.md b/lectures/intro_supply_demand.md
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ ab_grid = np.linspace(a, b, 400)
 fig, ax = plt.subplots()
 ax.plot(x_grid, f(x_grid), label="$f$", color="k")
 ax.fill_between(ab_grid, [0] * len(ab_grid), f(ab_grid), 
-                label="$\int_a^b f(x) dx$")
+                label=r"$\int_a^b f(x) dx$")
 ax.legend()
 plt.show()
 ```
diff --git a/lectures/laffer_adaptive.md b/lectures/laffer_adaptive.md
@@ -379,15 +379,15 @@ def draw_iterations(π0s, model, line_params, π_bars, num_steps):
             
     axes[2].axhline(y=π_bars[0], color='grey', linestyle='--', lw=1.5, alpha=0.6)
     axes[2].axhline(y=π_bars[1], color='grey', linestyle='--', lw=1.5, alpha=0.6)
-    axes[2].text(num_steps * 1.07, π_bars[0], '$\pi_l$', verticalalignment='center', 
+    axes[2].text(num_steps * 1.07, π_bars[0], r'$\pi_l$', verticalalignment='center', 
                      color='grey', size=10)
-    axes[2].text(num_steps * 1.07, π_bars[1], '$\pi_u$', verticalalignment='center', 
+    axes[2].text(num_steps * 1.07, π_bars[1], r'$\pi_u$', verticalalignment='center', 
                          color='grey', size=10)
 
     axes[0].set_ylabel('$m_t$')
     axes[1].set_ylabel('$p_t$')
-    axes[2].set_ylabel('$\pi_t$')
-    axes[3].set_ylabel('$\mu_t$')
+    axes[2].set_ylabel(r'$\pi_t$')
+    axes[3].set_ylabel(r'$\mu_t$')
     axes[3].set_xlabel('timestep')
     axes[3].xaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(integer=True))
 
diff --git a/lectures/lln_clt.md b/lectures/lln_clt.md
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ ax.set_xlim(xmin, xmax)
 ax.hist(Y, bins=60, alpha=0.4, density=True)
 xgrid = np.linspace(xmin, xmax, 200)
 ax.plot(xgrid, st.norm.pdf(xgrid, scale=σ), 
-        'k-', lw=2, label='$N(0, \sigma^2)$')
+        'k-', lw=2, label=r'$N(0, \sigma^2)$')
 ax.set_xlabel(r"$Y_n$", size=12)
 ax.set_ylabel(r"$density$", size=12)
 
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ ax.hist(Y, bins=60, alpha=0.4, density=True)
 ax.set_xlabel(r"$Y_n$", size=12)
 ax.set_ylabel(r"$density$", size=12)
 xgrid = np.linspace(xmin, xmax, 200)
-ax.plot(xgrid, st.norm.pdf(xgrid, scale=σ), 'k-', lw=2, label='$N(0, \sigma^2)$')
+ax.plot(xgrid, st.norm.pdf(xgrid, scale=σ), 'k-', lw=2, label=r'$N(0, \sigma^2)$')
 ax.legend()
 
 plt.show()
diff --git a/lectures/markov_chains_II.md b/lectures/markov_chains_II.md
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ import numpy as np
 
 To explain irreducibility, let's take $P$ to be a fixed stochastic matrix.
 
-State $x$ is called **accessible** (or **reachable**) from state $y$ if $P^t(x,y)>0$ for some integer $t\ge 0$. 
+State $y$ is called **accessible** (or **reachable**) from state $x$ if $P^t(x,y)>0$ for some integer $t\ge 0$. 
 
 Two states, $x$ and $y$, are said to **communicate** if $x$ and $y$ are accessible from each other.
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ that
 The stochastic matrix $P$ is called **irreducible** if all states communicate;
 that is, if $x$ and $y$ communicate for all $(x, y)$ in $S \times S$.
 
-```{prf:example}
+````{prf:example}
 :label: mc2_ex_ir
 For example, consider the following transition probabilities for wealth of a
 fictitious set of households
@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@ fictitious set of households
 :align: center
 ```
 
-
-
 We can translate this into a stochastic matrix, putting zeros where
 there's no edge between nodes
 
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ $$
 
 It's clear from the graph that this stochastic matrix is irreducible: we can  eventually
 reach any state from any other state.
-```
+````
 
 We can also test this using [QuantEcon.py](http://quantecon.org/quantecon-py)'s MarkovChain class
 
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ mc = qe.MarkovChain(P, ('poor', 'middle', 'rich'))
 mc.is_irreducible
 ```
 
-```{prf:example}
+````{prf:example}
 :label: mc2_ex_pf
 
 Here's a more pessimistic scenario in which  poor people remain poor forever
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ Here's a more pessimistic scenario in which  poor people remain poor forever
 
 This stochastic matrix is not irreducible since, for example, rich is not
 accessible from poor.
-```
+````
 
 Let's confirm this
 
@@ -279,7 +277,7 @@ In any of these cases, ergodicity will hold.
 
 ### Example: a periodic chain
 
-```{prf:example}
+````{prf:example}
 :label: mc2_ex_pc
 
 Let's look at the following example with states 0 and 1:
@@ -301,7 +299,8 @@ The transition graph shows that this model is irreducible.
 ```
 
 Notice that there is a periodic cycle --- the state cycles between the two states in a regular way.
-```
+````
+
 Not surprisingly, this property 
 is called [periodicity](https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Probability_Theory/Probability_Mathematical_Statistics_and_Stochastic_Processes_(Siegrist)/16%3A_Markov_Processes/16.05%3A_Periodicity_of_Discrete-Time_Chains).
 
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ for i in range(n):
         # Generate time series starting at different x_0
         X = mc.simulate(ts_length, init=x0)
         p_hat = (X == i).cumsum() / np.arange(1, ts_length+1)
-        axes[i].plot(p_hat, label=f'$x_0 = \, {x0} $')
+        axes[i].plot(p_hat, label=fr'$x_0 = \, {x0} $')
 
     axes[i].legend()
 plt.tight_layout()
diff --git a/lectures/money_inflation_nonlinear.md b/lectures/money_inflation_nonlinear.md
diff --git a/lectures/olg.md b/lectures/olg.md
diff --git a/lectures/prob_dist.md b/lectures/prob_dist.md
diff --git a/lectures/pv.md b/lectures/pv.md
diff --git a/lectures/solow.md b/lectures/solow.md
diff --git a/lectures/unpleasant.md b/lectures/unpleasant.md
